榆林黄河沿岸土石山区坡面生态空间综合治理技术初探
2021-11-07王建新
王建新
摘要:在黄河流经陕西段的绥德、佳县两地土石山地的陡坡上通过树种选择、垒石坑整地、不同坡度坡面造林模式的设置,进行了植被生态景观的重建,经水保径流量和植物树种等因子的调查,基本达到保持水土、为沿黄观光路增绿添景,带动当地旅游事业发展的目的。
关键词:黄河西岸土石山区 坡面生态空间 综合治理技术
ABSTRACT: in the Yellow River flows through the Shaanxi section of the Suide County, Jia County soil and stone mountain steep slope through the tree species selection, the base stone pit preparation, the different gradient slope surface afforestation pattern establishment, through the investigation of water and soil conservation runoff and plant species, the purpose of maintaining water and soil, adding green and scenery along the Yellow River sightseeing road and promoting the development of local tourism was achieved. Key words: West Bank of Yellow River, soil-rock mountain area, slope ecological space, comprehensive treatment technology
Keywords: alongloess-stone Mountain area, slope ecological space, comprehensive treatment, technical research, demonstration
黄河流经陕西省榆林市389.69公里,北起府谷墙头镇,南至清涧县双河庙乡,以西岸线垂直纵深15公里计,总土地面积7486.2 km²。该区域大多基岩裸露,山高坡陡,造林绿化难度大,造林成本高[1],造林成活保存率低,植被恢复困难。探索和推广坡面生态空间综合治理技术,对于提高造林成活率和保存率,提高造林成效,落实黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略具有重要的意义。
1自然地理概况
1.1气候条件
陕西榆林属大陆性季风气候,四季分明,光照条件好,年湿润指数为0.45。历年年平均降水量358.1mm,大多数集中在7、8、9三个月份,年平均蒸发量1905mm,年平均气温为8.8℃,极端最高气温为38.6℃,极端最低气温为-32.7℃,≥10℃的积温3217.6℃,年总辐射量145.3 kcal /cm2,年日照时数2666.6h,无霜期155d。
1.2地质地貌
该区域山体裸露、土壤瘠薄,水土流失最为严重,林木覆盖率18.5%。坡面黄土、砂石裸露、砂岩、砂砾、风化石在同一个断面出现。坡度大都在30°以上,有些地方坡度达45°以上。坡面表层10cm左右砂石长年风化,质地松软,易被侵蚀,侵蚀强度中等,易发生水土流失,但表土层下方砂石坚硬,不易破碎和打穿,坡面人工治理措施难度相当大。……
