赵云波 刘占捷 李玲 夏忠梁

摘    要：阳极经颅直流电刺激（a-tDCS）技术可以增强皮层兴奋性和相关脑功能连接，大脑功能性改变对提升人体反应速度、改善运动表现具有积极影响。通过CNKI、万方、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO数据库检索2000—2020年相关文献，系统梳理阳极经颅直流电刺激对健康和运动人群反应时的影响效果，并探讨该技术对反应速度的作用机制、应用策略、最优刺激方案以及对运动表现的影响。结果表明：1）a-tDCS引起的皮层兴奋性和脑功能连接性的变化，可以增强MEP振幅，改善认知功能及脑功能状态，缩短健康人群的反应时间。2）应用策略应首选任务执行相关的脑区，且适度延长刺激时间，增加电流强度可以优化刺激效果，尤其是较小的极板可以解决a-tDCS技术聚焦性差的问题。3）a-tDCS技术可以提升运动员的运动表现，特别是刺激结合运动训练方案，可以更大程度地提升运动员的运动表现，建议将其作为运动员进一步提高反应能力的新方法和新手段。

关键词：阳极经颅直流电刺激;反应时;认知功能;反应速度;运动表现

中图分类号：G 804.22          学科代码：040302           文献标识码：A

Abstract：Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation （a-tDCS） can enhance cortical excitability and related brain functional connections， and brain functional changes have a positive impact on improving reaction speed and motor performance. Based on relevant literatures of CNKI， Wanfang， PubMed， Web of Science and EBSCO databases from 2000 to 2020， the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on the reaction time of healthy and exercise population were systematically analyzed. The mechanism， application strategy， optimal stimulus plan and its effects for sports performance were also discussed. The result shows that 1） cortical excitability and changes of brain functional connectivity caused by a-tDCS can enhance the amplitude of MEP， improve the cognitive function and the state of brain function， and shorten the reaction time of healthy people. 2） the application strategy should be the brain region related to task execution， and the stimulation effect can be optimized by moderately extending the stimulation time and increasing the current intensity， and especially the small plate can solve the problem of poor focus of a-tDCS technology. 3） a-tDCS technology can improve athletesmotor performance， and especially the stimulation combined with sports training program can improve athletesmotor performance level to a greater extent. It is suggested that a-tDCS can be used as a new method and new means to further improve athletesreaction ability.

Keywords： transcranial direct current stimulation; reaction time; cognitive function; reaction speed; motor performance

反应时（reaction time，RT）又称潜伏期（latency period），是从刺激信号出现到应答动作开始的时间间隔，是反映人体神经与肌肉系统快速反应能力的重要指标[1-2]。在竞技比赛中，无论是短跑运动员听发令枪响的简单反应，还是跆拳道运动员辨别对手动作姿势的复杂反应，都需要运动员中枢神经系统作出准确决策和快速应答[3-4]。反应时作为评价反应速度的关键指标，可以评估、推測运动员的反应能力。……