摘    要：麦克乐是20世纪中叶美国的著名体育学家，曾在1913—1926年间两次来中国传播自然主义体育思想。1912年至20世纪20年代初，中国的学校体育由军国民主义体育向以自然主义体育思想为主导思想的竞技体育转变。在这一时期，麦克乐通过培训体育教师、开展学术讲座、在报刊发表文章等方式传播自然主义体育思想。运用文献研究法、逻辑分析法对麦克乐在中国期间发表的文章、演讲稿和体育实践进行梳理与分析后认为，麦克乐的体育教育主张及其在中国的体育实践主要包括3个方面：1）注重通过体育教育来培养全面发展的人及训练肌肉力量。2）将自然主义体育思想与民国初中期的体育实践及学生身心发展特点相结合，并在体育教育中融入多学科知识。3）重视教材编写，并以体育理论教学与体育实践相结合的方式培训体育教育专业人才。从麦克乐的体育教育主张得到启示，体育必须遵循不同年龄段学生的身心发展规律，要使体育项目成为学生终身体育的手段;在体育教学中要因材施教，并加强教材建设;要立足于体育基础学科，在体育学中融入多学科知识;要重视肌肉力量训练和通过体育来培养全面发展的人。

關键词：麦克乐;中国近代体育;学校体育思想;体育教育主张;体育教学

中图分类号：G 80-05          学科代码：040301           文献标识码：A

Abstract：Charles Harold McCloy was a famous American physical educator in the mid-20th century， who had come to China twice from 1913 to 1926 to spread naturalistic physical education thoughts. From 1912 to the early 1920s， school physical education in China changed from militaristic sports to competitive sports dominated by naturalistic physical education. During this period， McCloy spread naturalistic physical education ideas through training physical education teacher， giving academic lectures， and publishing articles in newspapers and periodicals. After combing and analyzing McClays articles， speeches and physical education practice during his stay in China by literature research and logical analysis method， the author holds that McCloys physical education ideology and practice mainly include the following three aspects： 1） Emphasis is placed on the development of well-rounded persons and muscle strength through physical education. 2） Naturalistic physical education thought was combined with Chinese physical education practice in the early and mid period of the Republic of China as well as studentsphysical and mental development characteristics， and multi-disciplinary knowledge was integrated into physical education. 3） Importance was attached to the compilation of physical education textbooks and training physical education professionals by combining physical education theory teaching with physical education practice. It is inspired by McCloys idea of physical education that physical education must follow the physical and mental characteristics of students of different ages， and make sports become a means of lifelong physical exercise for students. In physical education teaching， we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude， and focus on teaching material construction. Multi-disciplinary knowledge should be integrated in physical education teaching based on the basic discipline of physical education. Emphasis should be placed on muscle strength training and training well-rounded people through physical education.

Keywords：McCloy; modern physical education in China; school physical education ideology; physical education proposition; physical education teaching

麦克乐（1886—1959年）是20世纪中叶美国的著名体育学家，曾在1913—1926年间两次来中国传播其体育主张。其间：麦克乐在美国约翰霍普金斯大学医学院就读期间，于1913年受邀初次来到中国。……