李俊芳 刘强 崔鹏 李光辉

摘要：近年，畜牧养殖规模持续扩大，在增加农户收入、改善农民生活质量、增强乡村经济发展的同时，其带来的环境污染问题成为社会各个领域关注的焦点。该文以畜牧养殖环境污染现状为切入点，简要论述畜牧养殖环境污染产生的基本原因，从多层面、多维度探究解决畜牧养殖环境污染问题的有效对策，旨在为畜牧养殖的绿色化、可持续发展提供思路。

关键词：畜牧养殖;环境污染;现状;措施

中图分类号：S851.2+4文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.24.054

Present Situation and Countermeasures of Environmental Pollution in

Animal Husbandry and Breeding

LI Junfang1，LIU Qiang1，CUI Peng1，LI Guanghui2

（l.Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Binzhou City，Binzhou Shandong 256600，China;2.Veterinary Station of Qinhuangtai Country，Bincheng District，Binzhou Shandong 256600，China）

Abstract：In recent years，the scale of animal husbandry continues to expand，increasing the income of farmers，improving the quality of life of farmers，and strengthening the rural economic development at the same time its environmental pollution has become the focus of attention in all fields of society. Based on the present situation of environment pollution in animal husbandry and breeding，this paper briefly discusses the basic causes of environment pollution in animal husbandry and breeding，and probes into the effective countermeasures to solve the problem of environment pollution in animal husbandry and breeding from multi-level and multi-dimension，the purpose is to provide the train of thought for the Green and sustainable development of animal husbandry.

Keywords：animal husbandry，environmental pollution，animal epidemic prevention，scientific breeding concept

0引言

畜牧養殖过程中会产生大量的粪便、废气、废水，管理不当及养殖不科学还有可能诱发动物疫病，不仅会破坏生态环境，造成较为严重的水体及大气污染，还会威胁养殖区域及周边区域居民的健康。为解决畜牧养殖环境污染问题，促进畜牧养殖行业高质量、可持续发展，需要加大科学养殖技术投入力度，完善畜牧养殖环境相关法律法规，提升养殖户生态环保意识，促进动物粪便再利用，切实做好养殖场卫生监督检查工作等。

1畜牧养殖环境污染现状

伴随畜牧养殖规模的日益扩大，其对大气、水体、土壤造成的严重污染问题愈发凸显，并成为制约畜牧养殖行业发展的关键因素之一。第一，畜牧养殖过程中会产生大量动物粪便及废弃污水，部分养殖场未建立完善的粪便及污水集中处理系统，未经达标的粪便污水排放至周边水体会造成有害元素富集，降低水体质量。第二，畜牧养殖中，如果卫生环境不达标会导致动物粪便、动物本身味道加重，再加上动物粪便、尿液、残留饲料等发酵所产生的毒害气体的挥发，造成大气环境持续恶化，影响人们的正常生活[1]。……