奶牛乳房炎发病机制与预防措施
2021-09-27马桂花
马桂花
摘要:高质量的产奶水平是奶牛养殖经济效益提升的关键,但奶牛养殖过程中乳房炎的发生会直接影响产奶量及产奶品质。研究表明,奶牛乳房炎的发病与其自身的抗病能力有非常密切的关系,日常饲养管理、外界环境刺激及病菌感染等各类因素均可导致乳房炎。该文主要分析奶牛乳房炎的发病机制,并就实际问题提出相应的解决措施,以期为相关养殖工作提供部分参考。
关键词:奶牛;乳房炎;发病机制;预防措施
中图分类号:S858.23文献标识码:Bdoi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.24.065
Pathogenesis and Preventive Measures of Dairy Cow Mastitis
MA Guihua
(Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Shanshan County,Turoan Xinjiang 838200,China)
Abstract:High quality milk production level is the key to improve the economic benefits of dairy farming,but the occurrence of mastitis in the process of dairy farming will directly affect the milk yield and milk quality. Many studies have shown that the incidence of dairy cow mastitis is closely related to its own disease resistance. Various factors such as daily feeding management,external environmental stimulation and bacterial infection can lead to mastitis.This paper mainly analyzes the pathogenesis of dairy cow mastitis,and puts forward corresponding solutions to practical problems,in order to provide some reference for relevant breeding work.
Keywords:dairy cattle,mastitis,pathogenesis,preventive measure
0引言
乳房炎是干擾奶牛健康生长的重要疾病类型,不仅会影响产奶量及乳制品品质,还会导致奶牛的养殖价值下降,增加养殖场成本。就当前奶牛养殖情况来看,主要以散养户或者小规模奶牛养殖场为主,其管理方式较为落后,大多为分散养殖,乳房炎的相关检测技术落后,设备配备不足,导致奶牛乳房炎尤其是隐性乳房炎一直难以得到有效的控制。奶牛乳房炎的发病与其生活的外界环境刺激、微生物感染、饮食不当等均有密切关系。主要是由于物理损伤、微生物损伤及化学损伤所致,需根据实际问题进行养殖调整。
1发病机制
1.1病原微生物感染
奶牛乳房炎的发病与微生物感染之间有非常密切的关系,常见的染病菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌。其中较为常见的是链球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌,其发病率高达80%左右。感染细菌后,除出现乳房炎症状外,还可能会由于细菌进入淋巴或血液而出现毒血症死亡的情况[1]。……
