摘 要：商鞅变法何以成功地持续了百余年？囿于史料阙如，2000多年来人们难知其详。借助近年来出土的秦简以及标准化、控制论等方面的研究成果，进行深入研究，可以看出：商鞅变法所采取的方法与人们习以为常的观念迥然不同，其主要做法是：在实行郡县制改革的过程中，建立了统一的信息体系和监管体系，以此为基础，统一组织、协同推进包括新的行政体系在内的各方面的制度建设，实现了制度建设的制度化、体系化。这不仅保障了制度建设能够始终围绕强国目标，也保障了制度建设的完备性、合理性、协调性，并确保其得到严格执行。商鞅变法使秦的国力持续增强，形成了良性循环，进而保障了变法过程的持续推进。

关键词：商鞅变法;治理体系;制度建设;体系化;管理控制

中图分类号：D03 文献标识码：A

DOI：10.19881/j.cnki.1006-3676.2021.08.03

Abstract：What measures did Shang Yang take to ensure that the reform process lasted more than 100 years？ Due to the lack of historical data，it has been difficult to know the detailed reasons for this for more than 2，000 years. With the help of the Qin Bamboo Slips which were unearthed in recent years，as well as the results of standardization and cybernetics research，in the process of implementing the reform of the system of prefectures and counties，Shang Yang unified information system and supervision system were established，on this basis，it organized and coordinated the institutional construction in all aspects including the new administrative system，thus realizing the institutionalization and systematization of the institutional construction. This not only ensures that the institutional construction can closely focus on the goal of strengthening the country，but also guarantees the rationality and coordination of the institutional construction，and enables it to be strictly implemented. National strength continues to increase，forming a virtuous circle，to ensure the continuous advancement of the reform process.

Key words：Shang Yang institutional reform;Governance system;System construction;Systemization;Management control

一、问题的提出

孟子说：“春秋无义战。”那时的诸侯习惯于恃强凌弱，注重的只是实力。到了战国时期，兼并战争愈演愈烈，各国面临的生存危机越来越大，图存求强成为各国最迫切的选择。在生产技术水平低下的战国时期，通过技术创新提高的效能是有限的，通过变法从管理层面提高效能就成为各国求强的主要途径。于是，各国相继变法，形成了战国变法的热潮，公元前356年开始的商鞅变法是其中涉及领域最广、持续时间最长、取得成效最大的一次变法。

商鞅变法使秦的国力大为增强。例如，大规模的战争需要积累、调动巨大的人力、物力。……