李劲 潘昕昕 涂平

摘 要：在科技领域“放管服”改革的不断深入背景下，科研管理机构与科研经费承担机构如何加强监督统筹、精简检查评审流程、创新服务方式、减轻科研人员负担，成为科技领域“放管服”改革落实的关键问题。这些机构需要从全局高度，以问题为导向，借鉴国外先进经验模式，研究建立新形势下科技经费监管新范式。文章以日本文部科学省为例，梳理了日本科研经费监管的主体、监管政策和监管举措，分析了日本科研经费监管体系和统一的监管制度，总结了日本科研经费监管内外结合的措施和多项以预防为主的服务举措，提出了对我国科技经费监管具有一定启示与借鉴意义的建议。

关键词：科研经费;监管制度;监管体系

中图分类号：G311 文献标识码：A

DOI：10.19881/j.cnki.1006-3676.2021.08.07

Abstract：In the background of the Reform of Simplification and Decentralization further proceeds in the area of science and technology， how scientific research management institutions and research funding implementers reinforce their supervision and overall planning， streamline their examination and review，innovate their services， and relieve the burden of researchers become a key in their reform of simplification and decentralization. It is necessary to draw lessons from overseas experience and meantime study the feasibility of new supervision paradigms for scientific research funding in the new circumstances based on the overall situations and outstanding problems. Taking the Ministry of Education，Culture，Sports，Science and Technology of Japan as an example， this article reviews the entities，policies and measures of scientific research funding supervision in Japan，analyzing the research funding supervision system and the unified supervision institutions in Japan. Based on this，it summarizes the integrated measures of supervision both internal and external，reviews various prevention-focused service measures， shedding some light on Chinas scientific research funding supervision.

Key words：Sucientific research funding;Regulatory system;Supervision systems

近年來，我国深入推进科技领域“放管服”改革，在科研项目经费管理方面出台了一系列重要政策文件，要求建立完善以信任为前提的科研管理机制，并提出了科研经费管理改革的具体举措，包括简化报表和流程、取消科目比例限制、下放预算调整权限、允许结余资金留用、加大间接费用绩效激励力度等，给予科研人员更大科研经费管理自主权。与此同时，为不断提高科研经费管理水平和科研经费使用效益，国家还要求加强科研项目经费的监督检查，建立健全监督检查机制和措施。在此背景下，如何加强监督统筹、精简检查评审流程、创新服务方式、减轻科研人员负担，成为科技领域“放管服”改革落实的关键问题。……