商海军 蒋丽君 於春 江本利 姚晓华 闫晓明

摘要 [目的] 优化生物酶辅助提取藜麦秸秆蛋白的工艺。[方法]分别探讨纤维素酶和果胶酶的添加量、提取温度和时间对藜麦秸秆蛋白提取的影响，并选取提取率较高的酶进行正交试验优化工艺。[结果]纤维素酶提取藜麦蛋白的效果优于果胶酶，通过正交试验结果得到提取温度对藜麦秸秆蛋白提取影响最大，加酶量次之，提取时间影响最小，确定了最优工艺：纤维素酶的添加量275 U/g，提取温度50 ℃，提取时间8 h，此时最佳提取率为40.68%。[结论]该提取方法安全无污染，提取率高，是提取藜麦秸秆蛋白简单有效的办法，使藜麦副产物的资源得到充分利用。

关键词 藜麦秸秆;蛋白质;生物酶;提取;正交试验

中图分类号 TS201.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0170-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.045

Abstract [Objective] To optimize the extraction process of quinoa straw protein assisted by biological enzymes. [Method] The effects of cellulase and pectinase addition， extraction temperature and time on the extraction of quinoa straw protein were investigated， and the enzyme with higher extraction rate was selected to optimize the process by orthogonal experiment. [Result] The effect of cellulase in extracting quinoa protein was better than pectinase. According to the results of orthogonal test， the extraction temperature had the greatest effect on the extraction of quinoa straw protein， followed by the amount of enzyme， and the extraction time had the least effect. The optimum technological conditions were determined： the amount of cellulase added was 275 U/g， the extraction temperature was 50 °C， and the extraction time was 8 h. At this time， the best extraction rate was 40.68%. [Conclusion] The extraction method was safe and pollution-free， with high extraction rate. It is a simple and effective method for extracting quinoa straw protein， so that the resources of quinoa by-products can be fully utilized.

Key words Quinoa straw;Protein;Biological enzyme;Extraction;Orthogonal test

藜麥是苋科一种双子叶植物[1]，来源安第斯山脉等高海拔地区，栽培7 000年左右[2]。藜麦含有许多营养物质，如蛋白质、维生素、矿物质、脂肪酸和纤维素等[3]，研究表明，藜麦不仅富含营养成分，还含有多酚、皂苷、黄酮等生物活性物质，具有很强的抗氧化能力[4-5]，NASA称它为营养全面的食品，是一种理想的“太空粮食”[6]，2013年也被设定为国际藜麦年，以此来促进藜麦在世界上的推广。近年来已在我国青海、新疆、山西和宁夏开始种植[7]。

目前，对于藜麦的研究主要是籽实部位，但作为藜麦植株一部分的藜麦秸秆在藜麦收割时被遗弃。大量的藜麦秸秆腐烂在田间，虽然可以肥沃土地，但其营养价值未能充分利用。……