玉米大豆带状复合种植模式产量与效益研究
2021-09-11杨科徐红丽许靖宜杨新田吴玲玲杜永娜
杨科 徐红丽 许靖宜 杨新田 吴玲玲 杜永娜



摘要 对玉米大豆带状复合种植模式在实际生产中的产量和效益进行了研究。结果表明,在玉米大豆带状复合种植模式下,玉米产量与净作玉米相当,多收大豆1 864.2 kg/hm2,效益比单作玉米高出6 123.84元/hm2,增收39.27%;该模式破解了间作套种作物不能高产难题,基本实现了全程机械化,在提高经济效益的同时,降低了劳动成本,表现出较好的经济效益和社会效益,具有很好应用推广前景。
关键词 玉米;大豆;带状复合种植;产量;效益
中图分类号 S344 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)17-0040-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.011
Abstract The yield and benefit of zonal compound planting pattern of maize and soybean were studied. Results showed that under compound planting pattern of maize and soybean, the yield of maize was similar to that of single maize cultivation, and soybean yield was 1 864.2 kg/hm2 higher than single maize cultivation. In addition, the economic benefit was 6 123.84 yuan/hm2 higher and the yield increased by 39.27% compared with single maize cultivation. The planting pattern solved the problem that intercropping could not produce high yield, and basically realized the completely mechanical production. It reduced the labor costs while improving the economic efficiency, and showed better economic and social benefits, which had a good application prospect.
Key words Maize;Soybean;Zonal compound planting pattern;Yield;Benefit
我國大豆年消费量在1.1亿t左右,而国内大豆总产在1 600万t左右,因此约90%大豆需进口,供需矛盾突出。玉米大豆带状复合种植模式是四川农业大学杨文钰教授团队研究创新的一项栽培模式,该模式通过“选配良种,扩间增光,缩株保密”核心技术,可实现在保证玉米基本不减产的情况下,增收一季大豆,对提高复种指数和土地产出率、扩大大豆生产、实现玉米大豆双丰收意义重大[1]。2020年河南省郑州市农业技术推广站引进该种植模式,在新郑市开展试验示范,为该模式在当地大面积推广提供相关技术依据。鉴于此,笔者研究了玉米大豆带状复合种植模式在实际生产中的产量和效益。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况 试验在新郑市瑞博农机专业合作社流转地(城关乡薛庄村)进行,试验地面积4 hm2。土壤有机质含量27.1 g/kg,全氮含量1.11 g/kg,有效磷含量34.8 mg/kg,速效钾含量186 mg/kg,缓效钾含量781 mg/kg,为中等偏上土壤肥力。……
