成东梅 赵伟峰 尹国红 王铁良 彭涛 杜空军 高燕 于金林 黄莎莎 郝玲玲

摘要 [目的]明确优质小麦吸收转化外源硒的最佳时期以及不同外源硒效果，为优质富硒功能小麦简化高效生产应用提供参考指导。[方法]以大田生产上推广种植的郑麦366、郑麦7698优质小麦品种和单一亚硒酸钠、复配亚硒酸钠2种外源硒为材料，设置小区和大区试验;于小麦拔节期、抽穗期、始花期、始花第5天、始花第10天、始花第15天、始花第20天、始花第25天共8个生育时期，分别进行叶面喷施1次亚硒酸钠含量为30 g/hm2的2种外源硒，分析不同喷施时期小麦籽粒硒含量。[结果]小麦始花后第10～15天是吸收转化外源硒的最佳时期，且叶面喷施复配亚硒酸钠液肥效果显著优于单一亚硒酸钠。[结论] 在优质富硒小麦生产应用中，可选择在小麦始花后第10～15天、叶面喷施1次含亚硒酸钠30 g/hm2左右的复配外源硒的处理方法，从而达到简化、经济、高效的目的。

关键词 优质小麦;生育时期;富硒;硒含量

中图分类号 S512.1 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0037-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.010

Abstract [Objective]To identify the best period for high-quality wheat to absorb and transform exogenous selenium and the effects of different exogenous selenium， and to provide reference guidance for simplified and efficient production and application of high-quality selenium-enriched functional wheat.[Method]With 2 high-quality wheat varieties and 2 exogenous selenium fertilizers as the research objects， we set up small and large area trials respectively at the 8 growth periods of wheat jointing， heading， flowering， the 5th day of flowering， the 10th day of flowering， the 15th day of flowering， the 20th day of flowering， and the 25th day of flowering.Two kinds of exogenous selenium with a sodium selenite content of 30 g/hm2 were sprayed once respectively.Selenium content in wheat grains at different spraying periods was analyzed.[Result]The 10th to 15th day after the first flowering of wheat was the best time to absorb and transform exogenous selenium， and the effect of spraying compound sodium selenite liquid fertilizer was significantly better than single sodium selenite.[Conclusion]In the production and application of high-quality selenium-enriched wheat， we could select the treatment of the 10th to 15th days after the wheat begins to flower， foliar spraying of compound exogenous selenium containing about 30 g/hm2 of sodium selenite once， so as to achieve the purpose of simplification， economy and efficiency.

Key words High-quality wheat;Growth period;Selenium-enriched;Selenium content

随着硒的功能被越来越多的人所认识和接受，富硒功能性农产品日益受到人们的关注和青睐，且市场发展前景较为广阔。对于人体而言，无机硒具有毒性较大、不易被吸收和利用等缺点;而通过生物转化之后形成的有机硒对人类较为安全，且容易被利用[1]。谷物类及其制品为中国低硒地区的人口提供了硒摄入总量的70%左右[2]。小麦是世界范围内的重要粮食作物之一，也是全球1/3以上人口的主要口粮。……