邱勇 李均 徐光泽 左万琦 张帅

摘要 研究酉阳烟区适宜株距和施氮量，为重庆酉阳县烟区优质优产栽培提供科学依据，采用株距和施氮量2因素3水平随机区组试验，以云烟87为试验材料，研究株距和施氮量对烤烟农艺性状、化学成分和产质量的影响。株距0.45 m和施氮量99 kg/hm2下，烤烟经济性状较其他水平好;在相同株距条件下，随着施氮量的增加，总氮、烟碱的含量呈增加的趋势，而总糖、还原糖、钾、钾氯比和糖碱比均呈下降的趋势;在相同施氮量条件下，随着株距的降低，总糖和还原糖呈先增加后降低的趋势，而钾、钾氯比和糖碱比呈下降趋势;在株距和施氮量与产值三维曲线图中，以株距0.45 m和施氮量106.35 kg/hm2处理的产值达到最大，为3 402.80元/kg;重庆酉阳地区云烟87适宜株距为0.45 m，施氮量为106.35 kg/hm2。

关键词 农艺性状;产值;化学成分;烤烟

中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）17-0049-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.17.014

Abstract To provide scientific basis for cultivation of Youyang tobacco area in Chongqing， and to study the suitable plant spacing and nitrogen application amount， the effects of plant spacing and nitrogen application on growth and development of flue-cured tobacco were studied by random block experiment with 2 factors and 3 levels. Under plant spacing （0.45 m） and nitrogen application （99 kg/hm2）， the economic character of flue-cured tobacco was better. Under the condition of the same plant spacing， with the increase of nitrogen application， the content of total nitrogen and nicotine increased， while that of total sugar， reducing sugar， potassium， potassium-chlorine-ratio and saccharine-alkali ratio all decreased. Under the same nitrogen application condition， with the decrease of plant spacing， the total sugar and reducing sugar increased at first and then decreased， while the K， K-Cl ratio and reducing sugar-nicotine ratio decreased. In the three-dimensional curve of plant spacing and nitrogen application and output value， the output value reached the maximum with plant spacing of 0.45 m and nitrogen application of 106.35 kg/hm2 （3，402.80 yuan/kg）. Therefore， the optimum plant spacing of Yunyan 87 in Youyang district of Chongqing was 0.45 m， and the nitrogen application rate was 106.35 kg/hm2.

Key words Agronomic characters;Oputput value;Chemical component;Flue-cured tobacco

煙草是我国重要的经济作物，在我国占据很重要的地位[1]。田间烤烟生长情况可以直接影响到烤后烟叶质量，进而影响到卷烟工业产品的品质[2]。目前，在烟叶生产过程中，经常会出现烟株大小差异大、叶片发育失衡、同部位烟叶成熟度不统一等问题，导致调制后烟叶质量紊乱，进而在烟叶收购过程中会出现可调拨烟叶中等级结构与原料需求出现严重脱节、上中等烟率低、上等烟率低等问题。因此，合理的株距和适宜的施氮量是烤烟优质优产的关键。

株距主要通过调整作物的冠层光截获、田间小气候、资源竞争等方式影响作物个体的生长发育[3-4]。……