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在阅读中激趣 在建构中理解

2021-09-05胡林花

阅读(教学研究) 2021年8期
关键词:意图板书建构

胡林花

【教学内容】

译林版小学《英语》六年级(下册)Unit 8 Our dreams

【教学目标】

1. 知识目标

① 能在故事的语境中听懂、理解、会说词汇dream, future, care about, tooth, astronaut, spaceship, football player, World Cup, dancer, pianist, come true。

② 能听懂、理解、会说句型:“-What do you want to (be)? - I want to (be) ...”

2. 能力目标

①能在教师的指导下理解故事,并朗读课文。

②能够借助图片、板书等的帮助,尝试复述故事内容。

③能初步运用所学句型谈论自己的梦想。

3. 情感目标

能树立正确的价值观、人生观,对自己的人生规划有正确的理解和定义。

【教学过程】

一、读前活动

1.欣赏绘本,激发兴趣

播放Anthony Brown的英文绘本Willy the Dreamer的视频,让学生尽可能地记忆视频中出现的职业名称,初步讨论Willy的梦想。

T: What jobs are in Willys dreams?

S1: A singer ...

T: Lets read them all. What do you think of Willys dreams?

S2: Some dreams are wonderful.

2.插图入手,预设话题

呈现插图,学生预测故事的话题并说出依据。

T: Look at these pictures and choose what the topic is today.

Ss: Our dreams.

T: How do you know?

Ss:From the pictures. They are thinking about the jobs in the future.

(设计意图:读前活动激活旧知,迅速进入话题氛围。学生在观看绘本视频后,复习职业名称并讨论梦想特点,对梦想的界定有直观感受。接着学生通过课文插图辨析核心话题,为文本学习做好铺垫。)

二、读中活动

1.快读文段,匹配信息

学生默读全文,迅速圈出男孩们的梦想职业,并完成Match and say。

S1: Mike wants to be a dentist.

T: Dentist is the doctor who cure ______.

Ss: Teeth! (学习dentist)

S2: Wang Bing wants to be an astronaut.

T: We should read it into three parts: as/tro/naut.(学习astronaut)

T: Which astronaut do you know?

Ss: 加加林、阿姆斯特朗、杨利伟……

T:Wow, they flew to the space. How cool!

S3: Liu Tao wants to be a football player.

T: Who is the football player of our school team in this class?(学习football player)

完成板书:Boys want to be ...

(设计意图:读中活动是阅读教学的关键环节。教师既要帮助学生理解文本内容,还要指导学生掌握阅读策略,发展阅读能力。按照“总—分—总”的阅读模式,教师将文本分为两部分来探究内涵。男生梦想匹配活动是学生自主建构的第一步,既建立了语言和情景之间的联系,又在学习生词的过程中培养了学生观察、思维的能力,从而内化了语言学习策略。)

2.再读此段,深入理解

教師进一步提出问题:“男孩们为何有此梦想?”并指导细读策略:逐句阅读+使用笔记符号。

Q1: Why does Mike want to be a dentist?

S1: Because many children dont care about

their teeth, Mike wants to help them.(学生回答的同时,呈现文中线索)

T: Which means “care about”, brushing teeth twice a day or eating many sweets?

Ss: Brushing teeth twice a day.(学习care about)

T: Yeah, dentists can help us take care of our teeth.

Q2: Why does Wang Bing want to be an astronaut?

S2: Because Wang Bing wants to fly a spaceship to the moon.

T: Who first flew the spaceship to the moon in the world?

Ss: 加加林!

T:(课件呈现加加林和他乘坐的宇宙飞船)Look, this is Gagarin,and this is his spaceship.(学习spaceship)

Q3: Why does Liu Tao want to be a football player?

S3:Because Liu Tao wants to play in the World Cup some day.

T: Here are some information about World Cup. Can you fill?

Ss: There is one every four years. Football players from all over the world try their best to play in this game. (學习World Cup)

T: All the boys dreams are great!

完成板书第二步:Boys want to do ...

(设计意图:在解读文本内容和学习词汇的过程中,教师还插入了思维点,让学生从不同角度去推测、思考,并获取更为丰富的信息。学生在文本内容和师生多重话轮交流的情境中,自主建构并有效挖掘文本内涵,丰富了对文本的认识。)

3.观看视频,自主建构

学生观看课文第二部分视频,完成作业纸(与板书格式相同)上女生们的梦想。小组内反馈、讨论答案,最后由小组代表陈述答案。

S1: Su Hai wants to be a dancer. She wants to be healthy and beautiful.

T: Dancer is the person who dances _____.

Ss: Well.(学习dancer)

T: Is dancing useful?

Ss: Yes, dancing makes people healthy and beautiful.

S2: Nancy wants to be a writer. She wants to write stories for children.

T: Do you like reading stories?

Ss: Yes, we do.

T:Reading makes people happy and beautiful. Read more, get more.

S3:Yang Ling wants to be a pianist. She wants to be happy.

T:The person who plays ______ well is a pianist.(学习pianist)

T: It is said that music makes people happy. When a pianist plays the piano at the concert,who will be happy?

Ss:The pianist will be happy. The other people at the concert will be happy too.

T:So we can say Yang Ling wants to be happy and make others happy.

(设计意图:任务驱动,学生自主学习文本第二部分。因为行文结构与第一部分相同,学生可以将之前习得的阅读策略运用其中。随后,学生在独立获取信息的基础上,在小组内分享信息,互助解决问题,培养了小组合作互助的精神。最后,小组代表在框架语言的提示下,连贯、完整地表述信息。连贯的三个活动实现了语言教学由“扶”到“放”的自然过渡。教师不遗余力地为学生创设深入学习新知的语境,学生在循序渐进的思维训练中实现大容量的语言输入,为后续输出打下基础。)

三、读后活动

读后活动是对阅读质量的检查和评估,也是对文本内容的拓展与延伸。教师设计了两个任务,促使学生通过思考内化语言,完成从汲取知识到发展能力的过渡。

1.聚焦板书,复述文本

教师引导学生根据板书内容有条理地复述文本内容。“鱼骨图”板书形式巧妙地呈现了文本核心内容,条理性强。学生借助板书中的语言支架复述所学文本内容,巩固所学知识。

2.创设情境,升华情感

教师创设“未来之门”的场景,并设置了两个问题让学生自由表达:“你的梦想是什么?原因是什么?”接下来,教师又设计了两个启发性的问题,引发学生的思考:“梦想能带给你什么?为了实现梦想,你应该做些什么?”

T: Fantastic, you can get so much! So, we should remember that. Everyone can have a dream. Dream can make us happy and strong. It can bring hope to us. To make our dreams come true, we should try our best from now on.

(设计意图:教师带领学生回归本课话题,通过创设新情境的方式,激发学生的表达欲望,两个文本核心问题设置在先,学生有机会充分表达;而后两个递进性的问题可充分训练学生的思维能力,提高他们的表达能力。)

四、家庭作业

教师设计了三项家庭作业:1.熟练朗读课文。2.在班级内调查更多人的梦想,绘制、填充“鱼骨图”,并准备汇报。3.朗读绘本Willy the Dreamer。

(设计意图:熟练朗读课文能让学生巩固所学语言,体会学习的成就感;调查并绘制“鱼骨图”在教材外进行了拓展,能培养学生与人交际和自主学习的能力;朗读绘本是夯实课堂教学环节,可培养学生课后阅读的习惯,同时此绘本持续出现在后续课时的教学中,可为后续学习做好铺垫。)

(作者单位:江苏省扬州市邗江区美琪学校)

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