谌江华 姚红燕 汪峰 史骏 任少鹏 陈若霞

摘要 为进一步明确籼粳杂交稻稻曲病的精准防控方法，以常规粳稻品种为对照，分析了在单季和连晚种植条件下4个甬优籼粳杂交稻品种的生育进程、抽穗特性及其与植株“叶枕平”出现时期的关系。结果表明，甬优籼粳杂交稻单季种植时植株“叶枕平”始期至齐穗一般需13～16 d，连晚种植需12～15 d，而常规粳稻通常为9～10 d，二者相差3～6 d。不同时期无人机施药预防甬优1540单季稻稻曲病效果试验结果表明，在全田5%～15%植株剑叶“叶枕平”时施药对稻曲病的预防效果最佳，穗防效和病情指数防效分别达91.7%和93.3%，提早或延后施药的防效均下降。因此认为，预防籼粳杂交稻稻曲病的最佳用药时期在全田5%～15%植株剑叶“叶枕平”时。

关键词 籼粳杂交稻;抽穗特性;稻曲病;精准防控;无人机;防效

中图分类号 S 435.111  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）14-0140-03

Abstract In order to unveil the best time for preventing RFS for different cultivars of  indicajaponica  hybrid rice， the relationships between the physiological character of “the same level of phyllula” （the phyllula of flag leaf and penultimate leaf at the same level）， growth process and heading dynamics were investigated under singleseason and twoseason late rice.The results showed that for Yongyou  Indicajaponica  hybrid rice， it took 13-16 days from the initial stage of “the same level of phyllula” to full heading stage for singleseason rice， and 12-15 days for twoseason late rice， while for conventional  japonica  rice usually took 9-10 days， with a difference of 3-6 days.Using unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） spray when 5%15% of the whole field stems at“the same level of phyllula”，could achieve best control effects，the control effects of panicle and disease index reached 91.7% and 93.3%， respectively， and the control effect decreased when early or late application.In conclusion， when 5%15% of rice plants at “the same level of phyllula” was the optimum rice growing stage for preventing RFS of  indicajaponica  hybrid rice.

Key words  Indicajaponica  hybrid rice;Heading characteristics;Rice false smut; Precise control; Unmanned aerial vehicle;Control efficiency

基金項目 宁波市“科技创新2025”重大专项（2019B10003）;浙江省重点研发计划项目（2019C02018）。

作者简介 谌江华（1981—），男，江西安福人，高级农艺师，硕士，从事农业植保技术研究与推广工作。*通信作者，研究员，硕士，从事农作物综合治理技术研究。

收稿日期 2021-05-10

籼粳杂交稻具有生长量大、穗大粒多、产量高等特点，较常规水稻增产750～1 500 kg/hm2。近年其种植区域已拓展到华中、华南、西南、江淮四大主要稻区，增产增效显著，对保障我国粮食安全具有重要意义。生产上有的年份，籼粳杂交稻品种的稻曲病 （Ustilaginoidea virens） 发生较主导水稻品种严重，已成为制约籼粳杂交稻生产发展的瓶颈因子。……