卢辉 唐继洪 吕宝乾 何杏 苏豪

摘  要：對草地贪夜蛾发生情况进行了定点调查与监测。结果表明，海南6个调查点冬季均有草地贪夜蛾为害玉米，为害偏向于苗期、小喇叭口期和大喇叭口期，植株受害率分别为15.59%、13.16%和12.67%，抽雄期后为害显著减少;不同地区草地贪夜蛾幼虫发生程度不同，三亚和东方较为严重，峰值出现在2月，百株虫量分别为33.32头和30.72头，海口和儋州发生较轻，虫态以3龄幼虫所占比例最高;诱捕监测到草地贪夜蛾成虫出现2个峰值，三亚和东方诱虫数量（16.09头和15.07头）显著高于儋州（5.27头）。本研究明确了海南部分冬季玉米种植区草地贪夜蛾的发生动态，南繁区和东方市发生为害较为严重，西部和北部区域种群数量相对较低，研究结果为海南草地贪夜蛾的监测与防控提供依据。

关键词：草地贪夜蛾;冬季;调查;种群动态

中图分类号：S435.132      文献标识码：A

Investigation on the Population Dynamics of Spodoptera frugiperda in Winter Corn Planting Areas of Hainan

LU Hui1， TANG Jihong1， LYU Baoqian1*， HE Xing1， SU Hao2

1. Environment and Plant Protection Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Grops， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Crops Pest Biological Control， Hainan Province / Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Pest Monitoring and Control， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China; 2. Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China

Abstract： The occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda was investigated and monitored at designated locations. The result showed that the corn in the six areas could be harmed in winter by S. frugiperda， and seriously damaged in seedling stage， small bell stage， big bell stage mouth， with a plant damage rate 15.59%， 13.16% and 12.67%， respectively. There was less damage after anthesis stage. There was difference in the occurrence of S. frugiperda in different areas. The damage in Sanya and Dongfang was more serious， that in Haikou and Danzhou was lighter， and the insect state was the highest proportion of 3rd instar larvae. The peak appeared in February， and the larva per 100 plants was 33.32 and 30.72 respectively in Sanya and Dongfang. There were 2 peaks in the trapping dynamic， and the average moths of S. frugiperda was significantly higher in Sanya and Dongfang （16.09 heads and 15.07 heads respectively） than that in Danzhou （5.27 heads）. The investigation showed the dynamics of in some winter corn planting areas in Hainan. The occurrence and damage caused by S. frugiperda were serious in south breeding areas and Dongfang， while the populations in the western and northern areas were relatively low. The results would provide evidence of the monitoring and control of S. frugiperda in Hainan Province.

Keywords： Spodoptera frugiperda; winter; investigation; population dynamics

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.036

草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）具有适生区域广、迁飞速度快、繁殖能力强、防控难度大的特点[1-4]。2018年12月从缅甸迁入中国[5]，到2019年10月已扩散至26个省（区、市），草地贪夜蛾完成了在中国的入侵和定殖过程[6]，基本遍及各主要玉米产区，威胁着东北、华北和西南、西北的玉米生产。草地貪夜蛾的最适生存温度为28 ℃，在20～36 ℃温度范围内羽化出的成虫均能进行正常飞行活动，飞行能力最强的成虫饲养温度为32 ℃[7]。草地贪夜蛾喜热怕凉，在冬季寒冷地区不能越冬，因而在国内大部分地区，该虫不能在当地完成年生活史，需要在华南和西南地区越冬。从我国热带和亚热带地区起飞的草地贪夜蛾，其降落分布并无显著季节性差异，连续飞行2个夜晚便可进入西北地区，在夏季西南季风加强的背景下，连续飞行3个夜晚还可迁入东北地区完成其年生活史[8]。……