椰子种质资源、栽培与利用研究进展
2021-08-04卢丽兰刘蕊肖勇李静沈晓君李和帅范海阔
卢丽兰 刘蕊 肖勇 李静 沈晓君 李和帅 范海阔



摘 要:椰子是热带地区主要木本油料作物,也是食品能源作物;不仅口感清凉,风味独特,并含有大量的营养成分,并且具有解毒、美容、消毒等功效。随着椰子产业发展,对椰子需求越来越大,因此,椰子规模化生产发展迅速,关于椰子各方面研究非常重要,同时也受到人们重视。然而,与其他经济作物相比,椰子种质资源、栽培、产品加工及作用等研究较晚,研究基础较为薄弱,但是,近20 a来,国内外在椰子种质资源、栽培、生理生化、分子生物学、产品加工等及作用研究取得一些重要进展,为椰子生产和发展提供理论基础和技术支撑。本文综合分析了椰子种植资源收集、鉴定评价、创新利用、耕作栽培、栽培生理等研究进展情况,并介绍了椰子产品加工利用的研究进展,就进一步的研究和利用提出具体建议,以期为今后椰子产业发展提供参考。
关键词:椰子;栽培;种质资源;生理生化;分子生物学
中图分类号:S667.4 文献标识码:A
Research Progress on Coconut Germplasm Resources, Cultivation and Utilization
LU Lilan1, LIU Rui1,2, XIAO Yong1,2, LI Jing1, SHEN Xiaojun1, LI Heshuai1, FAN Haikuo1,2
1. Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China; 2. Germplasm Repository of Coconut, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China
Abstract: Coconut is the main woody oil crop in tropical regions, and it is also a food energy crop. It not only has a cool taste, unique flavor, and contains a lot of nutrients, but also has detoxification, beauty, and disinfection effects. With the development of the coconut industry, the demand for coconuts is increasing. Therefore, the large-scale production of coconuts is developing rapidly. Research on various aspects of coconuts is very important and also attracts attention. However, compared with other economic crops, coconut germplasm resources, cultivation, product processing and functions are relatively late, and the research foundation is relatively weak. However, In the past 20 years, important progress has been made in the research of coconut germplasm resources, cultivation, physiology and biochemistry, molecular biology, product processing, etc.. This would provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for coconut production and development. This article comprehensively analyzed the research progress of coconut planting resources collection, identification and evaluation, innovative utilization, farming and cultivation, cultivation physiology, etc., and introduced the research progress of coconut product processing and utilization, and put forward specific suggestions on further research and utilization, with a view to future provide reference for industry development.
Keywords: coconut; cultivation; germplasm resources; physiology and biochemistry; molecular biology
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.040
椰子(Cocos nucifera L.)屬于棕榈科椰子属植物,为典型的热带经济作物,也是海南重要经济作物之一。全球椰子种植面积约0.12亿hm2,我国种植面积仅占全球的0.27%。椰子来源于印度尼西亚至太平洋群岛、亚洲、东南部地区;主要分布在23° S~23° N,大部分在非洲、拉丁美洲、亚洲及赤道滨海地区。椰子主产区为斯里兰卡、马来西亚、印度、菲律宾等。中国的海南省、台湾、云南南部、广东南部诸岛、雷州半岛等热带地区有少量种植,其中海南省栽培总面积占中国的99%。……
