代小冬 杜培 秦利 刘华 张忠信 高伟 刘娟 徐静 董文召 张新友

摘  要：花生是我國重要的油料和经济作物。随着全球气候变暖的加剧，水资源短缺的形势更加严峻，干旱已成为影响花生生产的主要环境因子。解析花生抗旱分子调控机制，培育抗旱花生品种对减轻干旱灾害及其造成的损失具有重要的意义。本文通过综述国内外在花生抗旱性研究方面取得的主要进展，表明花生的抗旱性鉴定方法主要有聚乙二醇模拟干旱、盆栽试验和旱棚鉴定池;发芽指数、幼苗鲜/干质量、相对植株鲜质量/干质量、饱果率、百仁重、出仁率等可以作为花生抗旱性的评价指标;编码转录因子、胚胎发育晚期丰富蛋白、热激蛋白、脂肪酸延长酶、组蛋白去乙酰化酶等的基因参与调控了花生抗旱及防御反应。今后要继续加强抗旱种质资源的收集与创制、抗旱花生品种的筛选与培育及配套农艺措施的研发，同时着重围绕花生抗旱基因克隆及调控网络解析开展工作，结合常规育种技术和现代生物技术改良花生的抗旱性。

关键词：花生;干旱;抗旱性研究;抗旱育种

中图分类号：S565.2      文献标识码：A

Research Progress and Prospect of Drought Resistance in Peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）

DAI Xiaodong1，2， DU Pei1，2， QIN Li1，2， LIU Hua1，2， ZHANG Zhongxin1，2， GAO Wei3， LIU Juan3， XU Jing3， DONG Wenzhao1，2， ZHANG Xinyou1，2

1. Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding ， Henan Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement / National and Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory for Peanut Genetic Improvement， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China; 2. Henan Biological Breeding Center Co.， Ltd.， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China; 3. Industrial Crops Research Institute， Henan Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China

Abstract： Peanut is an important oilseed crop and cash crop. The situation of water shortage is more serious with growing global warming， and drought has become major environmental factor affecting peanut production. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance and cultivating new variety with drought resistance have important significance in reducing drought disaster and its losses. The research progresses of drought resistance of peanut at home and abroad were reviewed in this paper， which showed that the main appraisal methods of drought resistance of peanut included water stress simulated with polyethylene glycol 6000， pot experiment and rain-proof shelter. Drought resistance indexes include germination index， seedling fresh weight， seedling dry weight， relative plant fresh weight， relative plant dry weight， percent of plump， 100-kernel weight， kernel percent， etc.. Gene encoding transcription factors， late embryogenesis abundant protein， heat shock protein， fatty acid elongase and histone deacetylase participate in the regulation of drought resistance and defense response of peanut. Much more work should be done in collection and development of drought resistant germplasms， screening and cultivation of drought resistant variety and study of the rational farming techniques in the future. Meanwhile， the research work which focuses on the cloning of drought resistance genes and analysis of regulatory networks would be carried out， and the drought resistance of peanut was improved by combining the conventional breeding and modern biological technology.

Keywords： peanut; drought; study on drought resistance; breeding for drought resistance

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.039

干旱是世界范围内限制作物生产的主要非生物逆境之一，全球平均每年因干旱造成的农业损失相当于其他非生物自然灾害造成的损失总和[1-2]。随着全球人口的不断增长和干旱半干旱地区面积的持续增加，对植物抗旱机制的研究以及抗旱能力提升的探索越来越受到科学家的关注，成为当前研究的热点之一。……