胡桂萍 叶川 曹红妹 王亚威 蔡翔 王礼献 王丰 张国彪

摘  要：為探讨茶园间作对茶园小贯小绿叶蝉（Empoasca onukii Matsuda）的生态调控作用，本研究开展樱花（Cerasus sp.）、圆叶决明（Chamaecrista rotundifolia）、油菜（Brassica napus L.）间作茶园中小贯小绿叶蝉种群时序动态，及其天敌功能团组成结构、种群数量时序变化调查，分析间作茶园中小贯小绿叶蝉天敌功能团群落多样性和益害比。结果显示：樱花-茶、圆叶决明-茶和油菜-茶中小贯小绿叶蝉的时间动态变化趋势与常规茶园无显著差异，但发生量较同期常规茶园显著下降（P=0.034<0.05），全年分别下降25%～225%、20%～82.6%和20%～100%;经调查、鉴定得出，同期茶园小贯小绿叶蝉天敌功能团隶属于蜘蛛目、脉翅目和膜翅目，共计9个科、12个种，均为肉食性节肢动物;不同间作茶园中小贯小绿叶蝉天敌功能团种群的优势种、从属种和偶见种存在差异;与常规茶园相比，樱花-茶、圆叶决明-茶可显著提高蜘蛛、捕食性昆虫和寄生性昆虫的种群数量（P<0.05），油菜-茶可显著提高茶园中捕食性昆虫和寄生性昆虫的发生量，但对蜘蛛的发生量无显著影响;樱花-茶的小贯小绿叶蝉与天敌功能团益害比显著高于油菜-茶和圆叶决明-茶;多样性指数分析显示，樱花-茶、圆叶决明-茶、油菜-茶的小贯小绿叶蝉天敌功能团群落多样性与常规茶园存在显著差异，且通过聚类分析得出，当兰氏距离为4.79时，茶树间作模式分为2类，一类为常规茶园，一类为樱花-茶、油菜-茶和圆叶决明-茶。研究结果表明，间作樱花、圆叶决明、油菜能有效降低茶园中小贯小绿叶蝉的发生量，提高天敌功能团的种群数量和益害比，对小贯小绿叶蝉的发生起到明显的生态控制作用。

关键词：间作茶园;小贯小绿叶蝉;天敌功能团;生态调控

中图分类号：S435.711;S476      文献标识码：A

Effects of Intercropping on the Population of Empoasca onukii Matsuda and Its Natural Enemies Guilds

HU Guiping， YE Chuan， CAO Hongmei， WANG Yawei， CAI Xiang， WANG Lixian， WANG Feng， ZHANG Guobiao

Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute （Jiangxi Cash Crops Research Institute）， Nanchang， Jiangxi 330202， China

Abstract： The regulation function of Empoasca onukii Matsuda in ecological tea garden intercropped with Cerasus sp.， Chamaecrista rotundifolia （Pers.）， Brassica napus L. was studied. In this study， the population temporal dynamics of E. onukii the composition and population quantity variation of its natural enemies guilds were investigated， and then the community diversity and ratio of beneficial to harmful insect were also analyzed. There was no significant difference in the temporal dynamics of E. onukii between the intercropping and conventional tea garden， but a significant reduction in the population of E. onukii occurred in the intercropping tea garden compared with the control with p value 0.034， and the initial population number reduced by 25%-225%， 20%-82.6% and 20%-100%， respectively. Natural enemy guilds of E. onukii belonged to Araneae， Pulptera and Hymenoptera， including 9 families and 12 species， and all were carnivorous arthropods through investigation and identification. The dominant species， subordinate species and occasional species of the natural enemy guilds showed differentce between intercropped tea gardens. The number of natural enemy populations in intercropping gardens was higher than that of conventional tea gardens， and the density of parasitic populations in the intercropping garden was higher than that of the E. onukii intercropping tea garden. The cluster analysis of community diversity index of E. onukii and its natural enemies in the intercropping garden showed that when Ransom distance was 4.79， tea intercropping patterns were divided into two categories， the conventional tea garden， the rape tea and round leaf Cassia tea. The results indicated that the density of E. onukii decreased， natural enemy population increased， the ratio of beneficial to harmful insect was also improved in the tea garden intercropped with Cerasus sp.， C. rotundifolia （Pers.）， B. napus L. revealing the best biological control for E. onukii.

Keywords： tea intercropping garden; Empoasca onukii Matsuda; natural enemy guilds; biological control

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.037

农田间作属于仿生栽培的一个重要农艺措施，通过构建多层次、多物种的农田生态环境，增加农田生态环境的复杂性、有效扩充立体生态位、增强有益生物的保护和繁衍、增强农田生态系统中天敌的自然控制力度，从而达到农田病虫害的绿色防控效果[1]。茶树（Camellia sinensis）为多年生常绿灌木，其构建的茶园环境稳定性较高，生物多样性较丰富，其间作效益也更为明显[2]。已有研究表明，茶园间作非寄主植物能够构建生境多样化，为天敌提供栖息环境、避难所、中間寄主、食物和引诱物质等，从而提高茶园天敌功能团特别是捕食性和寄生性天敌的丰富度，进而压制了茶园中害虫的种群数量[3-6]。但间作物种会直接影响茶树生长、茶园生境特征、物种生态位、昆虫诱导信号物质等，进而影响调控茶园的害虫和天敌种群数量发生差异。……