严程明 安东升 刘洋 窦美安

摘  要：季節性干旱是限制菠萝增产提质增效的重要原因，发展“以水促肥，以肥促产，水肥高效耦合”的现代灌溉施肥技术，是应对季节性干旱，促进菠萝增产提质增效的重要途径。本文从华南地区季节性干旱时空分布特征、干旱胁迫对菠萝生长发育的影响、我国菠萝水肥管理现状、灌溉施肥技术对菠萝生长发育的影响等4个方面简要阐述了我国菠萝灌溉施肥技术发展的必要性，重点从现代灌溉施肥方式、耗水规律和养分吸收规律等3方面总结了菠萝灌溉施肥技术研究进展，并结合研究进展提出我国菠萝灌溉施肥技术目前存在的问题，探讨未来可能的研究重点和发展方向，为菠萝灌溉施肥技术的研究与应用提供参考。

关键词：菠萝;灌溉施肥;季节性干旱;水肥一体化

中图分类号：S668.3      文献标识码：A

Research Progress on Fertigation Technology of Pineapple

YAN Chengming1，4， AN Dongsheng1，3， LIU Yang2，3， DOU Meian1，4

1. Zhanjiang Experimental Station， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Zhanjiang， Guangdong 524091， China; 2. South Subtropical Crops Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Zhanjiang， Guangdong 524091， China; 3. Guangdong Modern Agriculture （Cultivated Land Conservation and Water-saving Agriculture） Industrial Technology Research and Development Center， Zhanjiang， Guangdong 524091 China; 4. Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Dryland and Water Saving Agriculture， Zhanjiang， Guangdong 524091， China

Abstract： Seasonal drought is an important reason to limite the yield， quality & water and fertilizer use efficiency of pineapple. Developing fertigation technology of water promotes fertilizer， fertilizer promotes production， water and fertilizer combine efficiently is an important way to cope with seasonal drought and promote the yield， quality & water and fertilizer use efficiency of pineapple. In this paper， the necessity of the development of pineapple fertigation in China was briefly expounded from four aspects， including the temporal-spatial characteristics of seasonal drought in south China， the effects of drought stress on the growth and development of pineapple， the current situation of pineapple water and fertilizer management in China， and the effects of fertigation technology on the growth and development of Pineapple. The advances in fertigation technology of pineapple was summarized mainly from three aspects： modern irrigation and fertilization methods， water consumption regularities and nutrient absorption regularities. Finally， combined with the research progress put forward the existing problems of pineapple fertigation technology in China， and the possible research focus and development direction in the future were discussed. The purpose of this paper is to provide references for the research and application of pineapple fertigation technology.

Keywords： pineapple; fertigation; seasonal drought; water and fertilizer integration

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.038

灌溉施肥技术作为一项强调水肥协同互作效应的技术模式，正成为我国现代农业研究的热点和重要发展方向。大量研究表明，灌溉施肥技术，尤其是滴灌施肥技术能够调控灌水器流量、滴灌带铺设密度、灌溉下限而达到精准调控作物根区土壤水分含量[1-2]，并可灵活调控施肥量、施肥时期与种类，影响土壤水肥时空分布，满足作物不同生育期对水分和养分的需求，以提高作物产量与品质[3-6]，提高水肥利用效率[7-11]、经济效益，改善土壤生态环境，提高土壤有机质[12]、养分含量[13]、土壤微生物多样性[14-18]，并减少养分淋洗[19-20]，降低面源污染的目的，最终实现农业高产高效绿色发展。……