烘烤工艺对上部烟叶化学品质的影响
2021-07-25任周营何力刘欢邹恩凯赵敏李耀光田超华秦平伟景延秋孙觅
任周营 何力 刘欢 邹恩凯 赵敏 李耀光 田超华 秦平伟 景延秋 孙觅



摘要:以云烟87为材料,结合烟叶“饥饿代谢”和烘烤工艺调整,设置3种烘烤工艺处理,分析不同烘烤工艺对上部烟叶化学品质的影响。结果表明,低温变黄可降低烟叶淀粉、蛋白质、总糖、还原糖含量,提升总氮、烟碱含量,提升烟叶香味物质。
关键词:三段式烘烤;上部烟叶;化学成分
中图分类号:S572 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)06-0059-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.06.015
Effects of Different Curing Processes on Chemical Quality of
Upper Tobacco Leaves
REN Zhouying 1, HE Li 1, LIU Huan 2, ZOU Enkai 1, ZHAO Min 3, LI Yaoguang 2, TIAN Chaohua 4, QIN Pingwei 3, JING Yanqiu 4,SUN Mi 2
(1. Jiangxi China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Nanchang Jiangxi 330000, China;2. Henan China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou Henan 450016, China; 3. Chongqing Institute of Tobacco Science, Chongqing 404100, China;4.Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou Henan 450002, China)
Abstract:To study the effects of different curing processes on the chemical quality of upper tobacco leaves. Using Yunyan 87 as the material, three curing processes were set up by combining the “starvation metabolism” of tobacco leaves and the adjustment of the curing process to analyze the effects of different curing processes on the chemical quality of upper tobacco leaves. Low temperature yellowing can reduce the content of starch, protein, total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves, and increase the content of total nitrogen and nicotine. The results provide theoretical basis to improve the quality of upper tobacco leaves, and optimize the curing plan.
Key words:Three-stage curing;Upper tobacco leaves;Chemical composition
密集烘烤装烟密度大[1 ],节省烘烤过程中的成本,有利于提高烟叶烘烤过程中的专业化程度和烟叶烘烤的质量,现在已经成为中国烤烟烘烤的发展方向。烟叶烘烤是一个复杂的生理生化反应进程,受烟叶外部因素和内部因素共同影响,外部因素包括烤房环境温度、湿度、气体成分及含量等,内部因素有烟叶酶、微生物以及叶内各化学成分 等[2 ]。烘烤工艺的不同会直接影响烟叶的外观质量和内含物质的含量,并最终影响烤烟的吸食品质和香气质量的形成以及风格特色的彰显[3 - 7 ]。低温慢变黄烘烤工艺可使烟叶香气物质含量提高。廖宏涛[8 ]的研究指出,低温慢烤会对烟叶理化指标的变化规律、烟叶色素降解、脂氧合酶以及烟叶化学成分产生影响。宫长荣等[9 ]指出,低温慢变黄有利于质体色素降解,从而提高烟叶香气成分。延小东[10 ]的研究证明,低温变黄慢可使有机物质有充足的时间进行分解转化,形成小分子香气物质或香气前提物质。蒋博 文[11 ]指出,采后叶片硬度随淀粉含量的下降及糖含量的升高而逐渐降低,且与淀粉含量变化呈显著正相关,与总糖和还原糖含量变化呈极显著负相关,采后烟叶呼吸强度的强弱直接影响原烟的理化特性,烟叶烘烤过程中呼吸作用的控制是关键环节。……
