张娟娟 高应平

摘要：在莊浪县旱作区对4个青贮玉米新品种进行了引种试验。结果表明，兴贮88、宁单31号出苗整齐，株型紧凑，长势强，抗逆、抗病，抗倒伏，生物产量分别达79 596.0、78 484.8 kg/hm2，分别比对照品种豫玉22号增产12.3%、10.7%;干物质产量分别达26 830.8、25 303.0 kg/hm2，分别比对照品种豫玉22号增产8.4%、2.2%;籽粒产量分别达12 550.5、12 702.0 kg/hm2，分别比对照品种豫玉22号增产8.8%、10.2%。建议将兴贮88、宁单31号作为庄浪县旱作区青贮或粮饲兼用玉米品种示范种植。

关键词：青贮玉米;新品种;引种;旱作区;庄浪县

中图分类号：S513       文献标志码：A       文章编号：1001-1463（2021）06-0069-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.06.017

Dynamic Analysis of Physicochemical Indexs and Antioxidant Activities of

Apple Jiaosu during Natural Fermentation Process

ZHANG Haiyan 1，2

（1. Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Research Institute， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science，Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China; 2. Innovative Center for Storage and Processing Technology  of fruits and vegetables in Gansu， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract：In order to study the changes of physicochemical indexs and antioxidant activities of Apple Jiaosu during natural fermentation process and clarify the health function mechanism of malenzyme， the dynamic changes of the soluble solids content， pH， total acid content， ethanol content， DPPH free radicals， hydroxyl free radicals， superoxide anion free radicals， and ABTS free radicals were investigated. The results showed that the soluble solid content and pH value decreased gradually with the extension of fermentation time. After 90 days of fermentation， the soluble solid content dropped to 4.5 °Brix and the pH dropped to 3.06， which were reduced by 70% and 32% respectively compared with the initial stage of fermentation. The total acid content gradually increased， increased to 42.9 g/L after 90 days， and increased 98%. the ethanol content first increased and then decreased， it was achieved to 1.0 g/L， after 90 days， and complied with regulations of QB/T5323-2018. The antioxidant activities were reached the better in fermentation to 75～90 days. The free radical scavenging rates of DPPH and hydroxyl were reached to 86.16% and 79.03% after 90 days， and increased 44.5% and 45.53%， respectively. The superoxide anion and ABTS were peaked at fermentation 75 days（65.06% and 69.04%， respectively），which were increased 39.12% and 46.47%. The study would provide some theoretical basis for further elucidating the health function mechanism and comprehensive development of Apple Jiaosu.

Key words：Apple Jiaosu;Natural fermentation;Physicochemical indexs;Antioxidant activities

青贮玉米是指在适宜收获期内收获包括果穗在内的地上全部绿色植株，并经切碎、加工，并适宜用青贮发酵的方法来制作青贮饲料以饲喂牛、羊等为主的草食牲畜的一类玉米[1 ]，具有生物产量高、营养丰富、气味芳香、柔软多汁、适口性好、消化率较高等特点[2 - 4 ]。青贮玉米是世界上畜牧业发达国家的重要饲料来源，我国籽粒玉米生产过剩和优质饲草料供给不足的矛盾已经引起了国家的高度重视，预计我国青贮玉米种植面积2030年可达到666.67万hm2[4 - 5 ]。目前，甘肃省青贮玉米种植面积接近5.33万hm2[4， 6 - 7 ]，青贮玉米较籽粒玉米增收明显，种植效益好，对全省产业扶贫工作中的打造牛羊全产业链意义尤为重大。庄浪县位于甘肃省东部六盘山西麓，海拔1 405～2 857 m，属黄土高原丘陵沟壑区，年平均气温8.1 ℃，年降水量514 mm，≥10 ℃的活动积温2 208.8～2 903.7 ℃，无霜期145 d，是典型的农牧交错区[8 ]。玉米作为优质青贮饲料，面积稳定在1.7万hm2以上，但粮饲兼用品种和青贮品种占比较小[8 ]。……