赵松松 韩馨仪 刘斌 关文强 戴泉玉 李静红 张蕊

摘要： 低温贮藏技术是一种有效且应用广泛的食品保鲜方法，但贮藏温度降低会引发冷敏型水果细胞组织不可逆的损伤，发生冷害并导致水果变质，造成大量经济损失。为此，提出一种健康安全的磁场抑制冷害的物理处理方法具有重要意义。通过COMSOL建立三维电磁线圈模型，模拟的磁感应强度值（I=3 A，B=0.010 35 T）与实测结果吻合，误差仅为10.7%。联合冷藏技术和电磁生物效应，构建一种低温电磁保鲜系统，基于该系统开展交变磁场抑制香蕉冷害试验研究及机理分析。结果表明，在香蕉低温（温度6 ℃，相对湿度85%）贮藏中，相比对照组，交变磁场连续处理组（AMCT）与间歇处理组（AMIT）的呼吸强度、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性和冷害程度明显降低，其中AMCT处理组色差、丙二醛（MDA）含量指标优势明显，抑制冷害效果最佳。

关键词： 交变磁场;仿真;冷害;电磁效应;香蕉

中图分类号： TS255.3 文献标识码： A 文章编號： 1000-4440（2021）03-0739-07

Mechanism analysis on the action of alternating magnetic field in inhibiting chilling injury of bananas

ZHAO Song-song1， HAN Xin-yi1， LIU Bin1， GUAN Wen-qiang1， DAI Quan-yu2， LI Jing-hong2， ZHANG Rui3

（1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology/International Center in Fundamental and Engineering Thermophysic/Tianjin University of Commerce， Tianjin 300134， China;2.China Rural Technology Development Center， Beijing 100045， China;3.Hua Shang International Engineering Co.， Ltd.， Beijing 100069， China）

Abstract： Cryopreservation technology is an effective and widely used method for food preservation， but the decrease of storage temperature of cold-sensitive fruits will cause irreversible damage to fruit cells and tissues， which will cause chilling injury and deterioration of fruits， and result in much economic loss. Therefore， it is of great significance to propose a healthy and safe physical treatment method for chilling injury suppression by magnetic field. A three dimensional electromagnetic coil model was established by COMSOL， and the simulated magnetic induction intensity values （I=3 A， B=0.010 35 T） were consistent with the measured results， with an error of only 10.7%. Combined with refrigeration technology and electromagnetic biological effect， an electromagnetic fresh-keeping system with low temperature was constructed， study on inhibition effect of alternating magnetic field on chilling injury of bananas and mechanism analysis were carried out based on the system. The results showed that， during cryopreservation of bananas （the temperature was 6 ℃， the relative humidity was 85%）， the respiration intensity， polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activity and chilling injury degree under alternating magnetic field continuous treatment group （AMCT） and intermittent treatment group （AMIT） were obviously reduced compared with the control group. Compared with CK， the advantages of color difference and malonaldehyde （MDA） content of bananas under AMCT treatment were obvious， which showed the best inhibition effect on chilling injury.

Key words： alternating magnetic field;simulation;chilling injury;electromagnetic effect;banana

低温贮藏是保持果蔬口感和营养品质、延长采后水果和蔬菜保质期最有效的方法之一[1-2]。但一些水果在采摘及采后加工过程中容易受低温影响，造成果蔬冷害效应（Chilling injury， CI），香蕉、芒果、菠萝等冷敏型热带水果受冷害影响更为明显[3]。冷害效应会导致果蔬新陈代谢机制失调及细胞膜破损，使果蔬表皮与内部出现凹陷、水渍斑块、果肉干缩、褐变等冷害症状，甚至还会造成果蔬无法正常成熟、局部组织霉变、有异味等严重后果[4-5]。随着低温贮藏时间的延长，果蔬冷害效应逐渐出现，且当温度升高时果蔬冷害症状表现得更加明显，在一定程度上限制了低温贮藏技术在果蔬保鲜的应用[6]。……