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硅镁锌肥改善稻米品质的研究进展

2021-07-23魏晓东张亚东宋雪梅王才林

江苏农业学报 2021年3期

魏晓东 张亚东 宋雪梅 王才林

摘要: 稻米品质受遗传因素、环境条件和栽培条件的影响,合理的栽培技术和肥料运筹能有效提升稻米品质。硅、镁、锌是除氮、磷、钾等大量元素外应用于水稻较多的元素,对水稻的生长发育具有重要作用。本文概述了硅肥、镁肥、锌肥施用对水稻生长发育中的作用,重点综述了硅、镁、锌在稻米品质形成中的生理功能,以及对稻米外观品质、加工品质、食味品质、安全品质的影响,提出了今后的研究重点,为水稻的优质栽培提供参考依据。

关键词: 稻米品质;硅肥;镁肥;锌肥

中图分类号: S143.7 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)03-0783-06

Research progress on rice quality improvement by applying silicon-magnesium-zinc fertilizer

WEI Xiao-dong, ZHANG Ya-dong, SONG Xue-mei, WANG Cai-lin

(Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center/Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014,China)

Abstract: Rice quality is affected by genetic factors, environmental conditions and cultivation conditions, reasonable cultivation techniques and fertilizer management can improve rice quality effectively. Silicon, magnesium and zinc fertilizers, which play important roles in the growth and development of rice are much more applied to rice cultivation besides macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In this paper, the roles of silicon, magnesium and zinc fertilizers in the growth and development of rice were summarized, the physiological functions of silicon, magnesium and zinc in the formation of rice grain quality, as well as the effects on appearance quality, processing quality, taste quality and safety quality of rice grain were mainly reviewed. The focus of future research was put forward to provide a reference for high-quality cultivation of rice.

Key words: rice quality;silicon fertilizer;magnesium fertilizer;zinc fertilizer

水稻作為全球最重要的粮食作物之一,世界50%以上的人口均以其为主食[1]。中国是农业大国,水稻产业的发展备受重视。随着社会的发展,人们生活水平得到提高,对稻米品质的要求也逐渐提高[2]。肥料施用在一定程度上影响水稻的产量和品质。水稻除了需要氮、磷、钾等大量元素外,还需要硅、镁、锌等中微量元素。关于硅、镁、锌改善稻米品质已有大量研究报道,但缺乏相关总结。本文综述了近年来应用硅、镁、锌改善稻米品质的相关研究进展,以期为水稻优质栽培提供理论依据。

1 硅肥对水稻生长的作用

1.1 硅肥对水稻生长发育的影响

水稻是喜硅作物,硅是水稻所需的重要营养元素之一,其作用仅次于氮、磷、钾[3]。硅在水稻茎或叶中的含量高达10%~15%,高于其他农作物体内的硅含量。硅对水稻的生长和发育作用较大,在水稻生长发育过程中需要从土壤中不断地吸收硅元素,以满足自身生长代谢的需要。……

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