周秀梅

摘要 农业机械在农业近现代发展历程中发挥了不可替代的作用，伴随着科技的进步与创新，农业机械的智能化水平逐步提升，在推进生产方式转变、加快生产结构调整、实现农业产业化等方面必将发挥出更大的作用。总结了我国农业机械化发展的现状，分析了发展过程中存在的问题和不足，主要有农业机械装备结构不均衡、企业对农机购置补贴认识错误、农业机械成果转化难度大、农业机械与农艺之间融合度较低、农业机械的地域针对性亟待加强、农业劳动人员的作业素质急需提高等问题，最后从完善对农业机械发展的支持政策、推动农业机械与农艺的融合发展、培育农业机械人才队伍 、推动农业智能化和农业机械化的融合、提高农业生产规模化程度、把握好农业机械化发展的时代特性几个方面提出了针对性的发展对策。

关键词 农业机械化;问题;对策;新时期

中图分类号 S-23文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）11-0258-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.11.066

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of Agricultural Mechanization Development in the New Period

ZHOU Xiu-mei

（Agricultural Machinery Station， Rural Development Bureau， Management Committee of Feidong Economic Development Zone， Hefei， Anhui 231600）

Abstract Agricultural machinery has played an irreplaceable role in the modern development of agriculture. With the advancement and innovation of science and technology， the level of intelligence of agricultural machinery has gradually improved， it will play a greater role in promoting the transformation of production methods， accelerating the adjustment of production structure， and realizing agricultural industrialization. The article summarizes the current situation of the development of agricultural mechanization in China， and analyzes the problems and shortcomings in the development process， mainly include the unbalanced structure of agricultural machinery and equipment， the misunderstanding of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies by enterprises， the difficulty of transforming agricultural machinery achievements， and the low integration between agricultural machinery and agronomy， the regional relevance of agricultural machinery urgently needs to be improved， and the operational quality of agricultural workers urgently needs to be improved. Finally， targeted development countermeasures were proposed from aspects of improving the support policies for the development of agricultural machinery， promoting the integrated development of agricultural machinery and agronomy， cultivating agricultural machinery talents， promoting the integration of agricultural intelligence and agricultural mechanization， increasing the scale of agricultural production， and grasping the era of agricultural mechanization development.

Key words Agricultural mechanization;Problems;Countermeasures;New period

自《中華人民共和国农业机械化促进法》实施以来，全国各地都在完善扶持政策，创新发展机制，不断推动农业生产方式向依靠机械动力跨越[1]。截至2018年，我国农业机械化总体水平已超过69%，大部分农业劳动已由农业机械完成，我国农业机械化水平已由初级阶段进入中级阶段[2]。农业机械化是推动我国经济结构调整的重要环节，也是农业现代化的基础，随着乡村振兴战略和农村现代化进程的不断推进，我国农业机械化发展也面临着新的机遇和挑战[3]。……