李丽

关键词：主体间性;承认;自由;不确定性之痛;社会正义

摘 要：霍耐特承认理论建基于主体间性，倡导一种社会自由和社会正义。自由与正义不是抽象概念，它们融合规范与经验，普遍与特殊。霍耐特基于承认的正义理论建构了一种全新的现代社会伦理规范。社会伦理秩序的破坏会导致个体的反抗，出现社会冲突。霍耐特的承认理论具有生存论意蕴，深入到生命最隐微、最深处，是通过他人的看视而开启的一个互动关系的规范性模式，关涉到人与人、人与自然和人与自我三重关系，自我的实现和规范的社会结构的形成离不开他人的接纳和我对他人看视的承认。当处于主体间性关系中的个体遭遇道德冲突或困境时，何种社会结构和制度秩序可以保障个体自由和个体的自我实现？在此，霍耐特的承认理论指引出了一种可能的伦理致思方向，即尊重个体的差异和保障个体的自由，并将承认理论拓展到社会正义领域，阐明了一种基于主体间性的社会正义观和伦理新模型，以及它们可能的调适、调节的功能及意义。

中图分类号：B151文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）003-0059-07

What Kind of the Path of Freedom—Ethical Diagnosis of Axel Honneths Recognition Theory

LI Li （School of Philosophy， Fudan University， Shanghai 200433， China）

Key words：inter-subjectivity; recognition; freedom; the pain of uncertainty; social justice

Abstract：Axel Honneths Recognition Theory is based on inter-subjectivity， advocating a social freedom and justice. Freedom and justice are not abstract concepts. They integrate norm and experience， universality and particularity， and construct a new modern social ethical norm.The destruction of social ethical order leads to individual resistance and social conflict. Axel Honneths Recognition Theory has an existential meaning， which penetrates into the deepest part of life. It is a normative model of interactive relationship that is opened through the eyes of others， related to the triple relationship between man and man， man and nature， and man and himself. It depends on the acceptance of others and my recognition of others views. It is arguable what kind of social structure can guarantee freedom and self-actualization when someone is faced with moral conflict or dilemma. Axel Honneths Recognition Theory leads ethical direction， which respects someones differences and freedom， and extends recognition theory to the field of social justice， which clarifies social justice and ethical model， and its function and meaning of adjustment.

現代社会是陌生人社会。人总是在与他人的不断互动中突破自我和人际窠臼、摆脱自我限制、超越自我中心主义，获得社会自由。个体自由与人格、社会正义、民主平等、社会秩序有关。如何脱离自我中心的阻滞，实现个体自由？如何实现人与人、人与共同体之间的有效联结？……