关键词：碳排放权;碳市场;微观规制;宏观调控

摘 要：碳排放权交易市场的创建和运行需要国家适度干预。中国碳排放权交易法律实践的成就表现在以下四个方面：基本形成了总量控制型交易与自愿减排交易相结合的模式、碳排放权交易执法能力得到明显提升、积累了碳排放配额总量设定和初始分配的经验、设立了履约机制以确保碳减排目标的达成。但是，试点阶段的碳排放权交易市场在微观规制和宏观调控方面也暴露出诸多问题。微观规制层面，应当建立健全碳排放权交易监管体制、信息保障机制、价格干预机制以及碳排放总量控制和配额初始分配机制。宏观调控方面，建议从碳泄漏的法律应对、碳排放权交易体系的链接以及制度融合方面建立健全法律法规体系。

中图分类号：D922.6文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2345（2021）03-0119-06

Achievements，Deficiencies and Countermeasures of Chinas Carbon Emission Trading Practice

LIU Ming-ming（College of Humanities and Development Studies，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100083，China）

Key words：carbon emission right;carbon market;micro-regulation;macro-control

Abstract：Moderate intervention is necessary to the creation and operation of the carbon trading market. The achievements of Chinas legal practice on carbon trading are as follows：the model of cap-and-trade with voluntary carbon trading has been basically established，the trading capacity of carbon emission rights has been significantly improved，and the experience of total allowances and initial allocation have been accumulated，as well as the establishment of compliance mechanisms to ensure the achievement of carbon emission reduction goals. However，the carbon trading market in the pilot phase also exposes many problems from the dimensions of micro-regulation and macro-control. At the micro-regulation level，China should further establish and improve the following institutions：supervision system of carbon trading，information security mechanism，price intervention mechanism，emissions cap and allowances initial allocation mechanism. As for macro-control，it is suggested to establish and improve the legal and regulatory system from three aspects：the legal response to carbon leakage，the linkage of carbon trading system and system integration.

碳排放权交易是绿色金融的一个分支[1]，是国家在全球气候变化背景下通过金融创新推动温室气体减排的市场机制。2013年以来，我国在北京、上海、天津、重庆、深圳、广东、湖北等七省市开展了碳排放权交易试点[2]，在试点基础上，生态环境部公布了《全国碳排放权交易管理办法（试行）》（征求意见稿）。碳排放权交易试点的探索和实践取得了显著成效，为建设全国碳排放权交易市场提供了宝贵的制度经验，但在规范体系、交易模式、能力建设、配额管理、制度衔接等方面也存在不少问题。本文将从国家干预的角度分析碳排放权交易实践的成就及存在的问题，并结合建设全国碳排放权交易市场的制度需求，提出合理性建议。……