关键词：集体经济组织;集体财产所有权;法定代表权

摘 要：为破解集体所有权人虚位的难题，我国部分地区的农村集体产权制度改革实践明确了集体经济组织享有集体财产所有权，并获得部分学者的支持。然而，集体经济组织享有集体财产所有权的理论和实践，不仅违反了我国现行实定法的规定，不利于保障集体财产所有权的安全与稳定，而且会导致集体经济组织结构复杂化等诸多负效应的发生。本着对我国现行实定法、农村集体产权制度改革重大政策要义之尊重，维持并进一步完善集体经济组织代表行使集体财产所有权法律制度，以克服集体所有权人虚位难题，实乃理性之抉择。农村集体经济组织以自己的名义，按照村民会议或村民代表会议的决议，代表集体行使所有权，所得的收益由集体和成员享有，由此产生的法律责任由集体承担。

中图分类号：DF521文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2345（2021）03-0112-07

Fallacy and Correction of Collective Economic Organizations Collective Property Ownership

ZHANG Xian-gui （Law School，Shanghai Maritime University，Shanghai 201306，China）

Key words：collective economic organization;collective property ownership;legal representation

Abstract：In order to solve the problem of the vacancy of the collective owner，the reform of the rural collective property rights system in some areas of our country has clarified that collective economic organizations enjoy collective property ownership，which has won the support of some scholars. However，this approach not only violates the provisions of our countrys current positive law because it is not conducive to ensuring the safety and stability of collective property ownership，but also leads to problems such as the complexity of the collective economic organization structure. In line with respect for my countrys current statutory laws and the important policy principles of the reform of the rural collective property rights system，it is a rational choice to maintain and further improve the collective economic organization representatives to exercise the legal system of collective property ownership to overcome the problem of the vacancy of collective ownership. The rural collective economic organization exercises ownership on behalf of the collective in its own name and in accordance with the resolutions of the villagers meeting or the villagers representative meeting，and the income obtained is enjoyed by the collective and its members，and the resulting legal responsibilities shall be borne by the collective.

就一般的法理层面而言，所有權是主体对特定客体的支配权。我国法律规定，集体财产的所有权由集体享有，然而集体既非法人，也不属于非法人组织，没有民事主体资格和相应的行为能力，无法行使集体财产所有权，由此出现了集体财产所有权人虚位的问题。随着我国《民法典》的出台和农业农村部、中国人民银行、国家市场监督管理总局《关于开展农村集体经济组织登记赋码工作的通知》等政策文件的颁布实施，集体经济组织成为了特别法人，享有对外进行交易的民事权利能力和民事行为能力。……