2011—2020年越南税制改革及其经验与启示
2021-07-05马念谊黄飞豪
马念谊 黄飞豪







摘要:越南从20世纪80年代末开始持续进行税收制度的调整与完善,特别是通过2011—2020年的税制改革,既确保了税收收入的稳定性,又增强了税收制度的可持续性和透明度,同时实现了优化营商环境与纳税人满意度“双提升”。借鉴越南税制改革的有益经验,本文建议从优化税制结构、完善信息共享制度、推进税收征管现代化建设及培养高素质税务专业人才等方面进一步优化中国的税制改革。
关键词:越南;税制改革;启示
[中图分类号] F813.33 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1003-2479(2021)06-106-07
Experience and Inspiration of Tax System Reform in Vietnam (2011-2020)
MA Nianyi, HUANG Feihao
Abstract: In 2020, China and ASEAN became each other's largest trading partners,among whom Vietnam is China's largest trading partner in ASEAN. With the formal entry into force and implementation of RCEP, the economic and trade cooperation between China and Vietnam will reach a new level. Vietnam has continued to adjust and improve its tax system since the late 1980s, especially the tax system reform in Vietnam from 2011 to 2020 has not only ensured the stability of tax revenue, but also enhanced the sustainability and transparency of the tax system while Vietnam optimized the business environment and improving the satisfaction of taxpayers. Based on the beneficial experience of Vietnam's tax system reform, this paper proposes to further optimize China's tax system reform from the following aspects: optimizing the tax system structure, improving the information sharing system, promoting the modernization of tax collection and management, cultivating high-quality tax professionals and so on.
Key Words: Vietnam; Tax Reform; Inspiration
引 言
2020年,中国—东盟互为最大的贸易伙伴①,其中,越南是中国在东盟最大的贸易伙伴②。研究越南的税收制度情况和改革动态,既有利于中国赴越南投资的纳税人了解越南的投资环境及税收制度,又有利于促进中国与越南的税收协调,减少税收的不确定性,促进区域经贸合作,实现双方互利共赢。
目前,学术界对越南税制研究的成果较少且大多聚焦于越南税制的介绍,缺少对越南税制改革近况的系统研究。本文将从税制概况、税制改革的历程与举措、税制改革成效等3个方面探讨2011—2020年的越南税制改革,并凝练出一些进一步完善中国税制改革的经验与启示。
一、越南现行税制简介①
按照征税对象划分,越南现行的税种分为所得税(企业所得税、个人所得税)、货物与服务税(增值税、特别消费税、进出口税、环境保护税)、财产税(非农业土地使用税、农业土地使用税、资源税)三大类②。……
