钟佳 莫下

摘要：缅甸推进新一轮民主转型后，积极承诺遵守国际劳工标准，劳动立法建设成为缅甸政府改革的重要领域。近年来，缅甸在劳动领域进行的主要改革有加强劳动法律的立法和修订，制定系统性的劳动争议解决机制，规定强制性签订劳动合同和最低工资标准等内容，但缅甸劳动法律制度仍然存在劳动法律适用混乱、劳动合同模版僵化、不公平的解雇现象和终止雇佣合同的条件与程序复杂等问题。尽管缅甸劳动争议解决机制有相对清晰的适用范围和工作流程，设立不同劳动机构解决不同层级的劳动纠纷，但也暴露出缅甸在个人劳动争议和集体劳动争议中区分不明确，争端解决机构倾向于保护工人利益，缺乏有效的劳动仲裁机制等问题。因此，在缅甸投资的中国企业应熟悉缅甸劳动法律中对外企用工的特别规定、最低工资和劳动合同模版要求以及依法保障劳动者权利。

关键词：缅甸;劳动法;劳动合同;企业用工;劳工权利

[中图分类号] D912.5            [文献标识码]  A                [文章编号] 1003-2479（2021）06-076-10

An Analysis of Myanmar Labor Legal System

ZHONG Jia， （Myanmar）Moe Cho

Abstract： In 2011， Myanmar started its democratic transformation and made a positive commitment to abide by international labor standards. The construction of labor legislation has become an important area of Myanmar government reform. In recent years， Myanmar's labor laws have been overhauled， with existing laws amended or repealed and new ones constantly issued. The main reforms in the labor field in Myanmar include strengthening the legislation and revision of labor laws， formulating a systematic labor dispute resolution mechanism， and stipulating the mandatory signing of labor contracts and minimum wage standards. There are problems such as confusion in the application of labor law， rigid labor contract template and unfair conditions and procedures for dismissal and termination of the employment contract. Myanmar's labor dispute settlement system has a relatively clear scope and workflow， set up the workplace coordination committee， the township of labor dispute mediation organizations， provincial/state level labor arbitration and labor dispute arbitration committee to deal with different levels of labor disputes. However， it also exposes the unclear distinction between individual labor disputes and collective ones， the tendency of dispute settlement institutions to protect the interests of workers， and the lack of an effective labor arbitration mechanism in Myanmar. Hence， Chinese enterprises investing in Myanmar should familiarize themselves with the special provisions of Myanmar labor law on foreign companies' employment， requirements on minimum wage and labor contract template， and the protection of labor rights.

Key Words： Myanmar; Labor Law; Labor Contract; Enterprise Employment; Labor Right

近年來，逆全球化叠加COVID-19疫情，全球贸易投资萎靡，世界经济面临空前下行压力。在此背景下，涵盖亚太地区15个国家的《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）于2020年11月15日签署，并在2022年1月1日生效，这将进一步推动区域内投资贸易增长，加快全球经济复苏进程。作为东盟地区重要成员国之一的缅甸，与中国山水相连，是中国的“胞波”邻邦。目前，中缅两国经贸往来日益密切，中国已连续多年成为缅甸最大的贸易伙伴和重要的投资来源国①。……