崔元培 魏子鲲 王建忠 薛庆林

摘要 资源短缺、环境恶劣、公共物品与服务供给的短缺，是直接构成深度贫困地区贫困的因素，导致推行的扶贫方式无法持续有效发挥脱贫作用，进而造成长期积累的深度贫困在短期内难以通过常规的扶贫手段予已清除。从持续发展角度看，应始终把改善生态环境和提高自我发展能力作为深度贫困地区发展思路。按照“五个一批”基本要求，结合河北省深度贫困地区实际，创新发展适合深度贫困地区的脱贫工作机制，完善扶贫工作推进机制，提升扶贫工作质量和效果，实现深度贫困地区脱贫和持续发展。

关键词 深度贫困;精准扶贫;生态治理;反贫困

中图分类号 F014.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）09-0248-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.09.066

Abstract The shortage of resources， the harsh environment， and the shortage of public goods and services are the factors that directly contribute to poverty in deeply impoverished areas.As a result， the implementation of poverty alleviation methods cannot continue to effectively play the role of poverty alleviation， and the deep poverty accumulated for a long time is difficult to be eliminated through conventional poverty alleviation methods in the short term.From the perspective of sustainable development， the improvement of the ecological environment and the enhancement of self-development capabilities should always be regarded as the development thinking of deeply impoverished areas.Combining with the reality of the deeply impoverished areas in Hebei Province， innovatively develop a poverty alleviation work mechanism suitable for the deeply impoverished areas， improve the poverty alleviation promotion mechanism， improve the quality and effectiveness of poverty alleviation， and achieve poverty alleviation and sustainable development in the deeply impoverished areas.

Key words Deep poverty;Targeted poverty alleviation;Ecological governance;Anti-poverty

當前农村贫困表现为区域性深度贫困和分散性个体贫困两个方面，二者在本质上都是因为资源短缺、环境恶劣、个人能力和机会缺失所导致，但区域性深度贫困具有明显的区域性、阶层性和绝对贫困等特征，是当前脱贫攻坚的重点、难点和关键[1]。深度贫困在本质上仍属于绝对贫困的范畴，具有内涵和空间上的规限性，即“两高”（贫困人口占比高、贫困发生率高）、“一低”（人均可支配收入低）、“一差”（基础设施和住房差）、“三重”（低保、五保贫困人口扶贫任务重、因病致贫返贫人口脱贫任务重、贫困老人脱贫任务重）[2]。河北省坚持精准扶贫、精准脱贫基本方略，仅2017年全省农村贫困人口减少64万，其中深度贫困地区农村减贫50万。扶贫工作虽然取得了明显成效，但深度贫困地区面临地理位置偏远、资源分散等严峻挑战，不能以常规思路和举措推进其脱贫攻坚工作。……