眼睑分裂痣治疗方法的研究现状
2021-06-22张冬雪刘国锋
张冬雪 刘国锋
[摘要]眼睑分裂痣是一种罕见的先天性痣,通常发生在单眼上下眼睑的相邻部位。在睑裂闭合状态下,上、下睑色素痣互相吻合宛如一块完整的病变,睁眼时一分为二。关于眼睑分裂痣治疗的文献报道了多种治疗方法,包括非手术治疗和手术治疗。手术治疗方法包括全厚皮片移植、皮瓣转移以及扩张皮瓣等方法。每种方法各有其适应证和利弊。现对目前报道的治疗方法进行归纳总结,以期对外科医师选择合理的治疗方法起到一定帮助。
[关键词]分裂痣;眼睑;治疗;激光;手术;全厚皮片;皮瓣
[中图分类号]R622 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2021)05-0166-03
Research Status on the Treatment of Divided Nevus of the Eyelid
ZHANG Dong-xue,LIU Guo-feng
(Department of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China)
Abstract: Divided nevus of the eyelid is a rare congenital nevus, which usually occurs in the adjacent parts of the upper and lower eyelids of one eye. In the closed state of palpebral fissure, the upper and lower eyelid pigmented nevi coincide with each other like a complete lesion, which is divided into two when the eyes are opened.Most of the literatures on divided nevus of the eyelid are works, and a variety of treatment methods are reported, including non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment.Surgical treatmentmethods includes full-thickness graft, flap transfer and flap expansion.Each method has its own indications, advantages and disadvantages.Now the author summarizes the treatment methods reported at present in order to help surgeons to choose reasonable treatment methods.
Key words: divided nevus;eyelid;treatment;laser;surgery; full-thickness grafts;flap
眼睑分裂痣,又称“接吻痣”、“裂眼痣”和“熊猫痣”,是一种罕见的先天性皮肤病,同时发生在上下眼睑的相对边缘[1]。临床表现为同时累及上、下眼睑的皮肤、睑缘和(或)结膜的痣。其形成是在胚胎发育早期,当眼睑融合时,神经嵴中的黑素细胞在妊娠的第12周至14周迁移到头皮和面部的表皮水平[2-3]。随后在24周和28周的宫内发育期间眼睑的分离导致痣的分裂[4]。眼睑分裂痣可能会导致儿童时期的上睑下垂、睑外翻及溢泪,甚至弱视,在青少年和成人期,主要影响的是外表美观[5]。传统的先天性分裂痣有两种分类方法,一种是按大小将其分为三类:小的(直径<1.5cm) ,中等的(直径1.5~20cm)和大的(直徑>20cm)。另一种按组织学分类为:黑素细胞型、细胞型和复合型。虽然关于眼睑分裂痣的文献相对较少,但它的发生频率可能比目前认识到的要频繁得多[1]。由于眼睑分裂痣病变部位特殊,眼睑结构精细,所以分裂痣的治疗对于外观和功能的要求更高更复杂。……
