董英 曹晓蕾

摘 要 目的：調查上海奉贤区南桥镇小学生焦虑、抑郁的现状。方法：在上海奉贤区南桥镇14所小学中采用整群随机抽样的方法，随机抽取4所小学，选取3～5年级小学生2 140人作为调查对象。其中男性979名，占49.17%，女性1 012名，占50.83%；三年级学生645名，占32.39%，四年级学生688名，占34.56%，五年级学生658名，占33.05%。采用一般状况调查表、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表（SCARED）、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表（DSRSC）、儿童自我意识量表（PHCSS）进行情绪状况调查。结果：有201名小学生存在焦虑症状，占10.10%；275名小学生存在抑郁症状，占13.81%；焦虑、抑郁症状共存的小学生有47名，占2.36%。女生存在抑郁症状和焦虑、抑郁共存的比例高于男生（P<0.05）。女生学校恐怖评分明显高于男生（P<0.05）。女生的自我意识量表各项评分明显高于男生（P<0.05）。低年级小学生抑郁总分、焦虑总分、躯体化惊恐、分离性焦虑及学校恐怖因子评分均高于高年级小学生（P<0.05）。结论：小学生中焦虑抑郁情绪问题比较普遍，应引起教育工作者和临床医生的重视。

关键词 焦虑；抑郁；小学生；调查

中图分类号：R179 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2021）10-0056-04

Investigation of the emotional status of primary school pupils in Nanqiao Community of Fengxian District

DONG Ying， CAO Xiaolei

（General Practice Department of Nanqiao Community health service center of Fengxian District， Shanghai 201400， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To investigate the current situation of anxiety and depression among primary school pupils in Nanqiao Community of Fengxian District， Shanghai. Methods： A cluster random sampling method was used in 14 primary schools in Nanqiao Community of Fengxian District， 4 primary schools were randomly selected， and 2 140 pupils in grade 3-5 were selected as the subjects of this investigation. There were 979 males， accounting for 49.17% and 1 012 females， accounting for 50.83%. There were 645 students in grade 3， accounting for 32.39%， and 688 students in grade 4， accounting for 34.56%， and 658 students in grade 5， accounting for 33.05%. The general condition questionnaire， screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders（SCARED）， depression self-rating scale for children（DSRSC） and childrens self-concept scale（PHCSS） were used to investigate the emotional status. Results： Two hundred and one pupils had anxiety symptoms， accounting for 10.10%； 275 pupils had depression symptoms， accounting for 13.81%； 47 pupils had anxiety and depression symptoms， accounting for 2.36%. The proportion of female pupils with depression， anxiety and depression was higher than that of male pupils（P<0.05）. The school terror score of female pupils was significantly higher than that of male pupils（P<0.05）. The score of self-awareness scale of female pupils were significantly higher than that of male pupils. The scores of depression， anxiety， somatization panic， dissociative anxiety and school phobia of lower grade pupils were higher than those of higher grade pupils（P<0.05）. Conclusion： Anxiety and depression are common in primary school pupils， which should be paid attention to by educators and clinicians.

KEY WORDS anxiety； depression； primary school pupil； investigation

小学生作为一个特殊的社会群体正处于生理、心理迅速发育的关键时期，容易出现各种不良情绪问题[1]，主要包括有焦虑、抑郁、恐怖等，如不及早发现、及时矫正与治疗，会逐渐演变成心理疾病和精神疾病，甚至成为重症患者。有研究表明，中小学的焦虑、抑郁情绪问题愈加突出[2-4]。这就需要心理工作者和社会工作者通过深入地科学研究和工作实践，对他们进行正确有效的心理发展引导和疏导，使其健康地成长。本研究旨在了解辖区内小学生目前的情绪状况，为进一步干预提供依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

在上海奉贤区南桥镇14所小学中采用整群随机抽样的方法，随机抽取4所小学，选取其中3～5年级小学生2 140名作为本次调查对象。因疫情特殊原因，调查期间有149名学生请假停课，故发放问卷1 991份，收回有效问卷1 991份，有效应答率100%。……