宋雅丽

[摘要] 目的 探讨产前个性化心理护理对初产妇焦虑、抑郁心理及分娩方式的影响。 方法 随机选取120例初产妇，随机分为试验组1、试验组2和对照组，每组40例。试验组1产妇采用个性化心理护理，试验组2产妇采用常规心理护理，对照组不进行心理护理。观察各组初产妇焦虑和抑郁心理及分娩方式。 结果 试验组1的焦虑和抑郁自评量表评分分别为（39.6±3.1）分和（38.1±2.3）分，试验组2的焦虑和抑郁自评量表评分分别为（47.1±2.8）分和（46.2±3.1）分，对照组的焦虑和抑郁自评量表评分分别为（54.3±2.9）分和（53.1±4.5）分。对照组的满意度30.0%，试验组1的满意度为85.0%，试验组2的满意度为57.5%，三组比较，差异显著（P<0.05）。试验组1产妇的自然分娩率为55.0%，试验组2产妇的自然分娩率为40.0%，对照组产妇的自然分娩率为17.5%（P<0.05）。 结论 产前个性化心理护理可以明显改善初产妇的焦虑和抑郁心理，提高自然分娩率。

[关键词] 个性化心理护理；初产妇；焦虑；抑郁；分娩方式

[中图分类号] R473.71 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2016）23-0142-03

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effects of antenatal individualized mental care on abnormal mental states of anxiety and depression and delivery mode in primipara. Methods 120 primipara were randomly selected. They were randomly assigned to the experiment group 1， experiment group 2 and control group， with 40 patients in each group. The patients in the experiment group 1 were given individualized mental care， and the patients in the experiment group 2 were given regular mental care. The control group was not given mental care. The effects of individualized mental care on abnormal mental states of anxiety and depression and delivery mode in primipara were observed. Results The self-rating anxiety scale and the self-rating depression scale were（39.6±3.1） and（38.1±2.3） respectively in the experiment group 1， the self-rating anxiety scale and the self-rating depression scale were（47.1±2.8） and（46.2±3.1） respectively in the experiment group 2， and the self-rating anxiety scale and the self-rating depression scale were（54.3±2.9） and（53.1±4.5） respectively in the control group. The satisfaction rate of control group was 30.0%， the experimental group 1 was 85.0%， the experimental group 2 was 57.5%， and the difference was significant between the three groups（P<0.05）. The natural birth rate was 55.0% in the experiment group 1， 40.0% in the experiment group 2， and 17.5% in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Antenatal individualized mental care is able to significantly improve abnormal mental states of anxiety and depression in primipara， and is able to improve the natural birth rate.

[Key words] Individualized mental care； Primipara； Anxiety； Depression； Delivery mode

最近几年产前抑郁症是孕妇十分普遍的一种心理疾病，由于一些身体和心理因素，导致孕妇出现情绪低落、焦躁不安和食欲不振等临床症状[1，2]。随着医学研究的不断深入，研究表明约98%的孕妇在妊娠期间出现过焦虑和抑郁等心理。其中初产妇占多数，初产妇由于对生产过程很陌生，从其他途径了解生产过程是十分痛苦，所以给产妇带来严重的恐惧心理，从而出现焦虑和抑郁等心理状态。此外，一些孕妇自身合并妊娠期疾病，如妊娠高血压综合征、妊娠合并心脏病等，也容易致使产妇出现上述心理状态[3-5]。产前抑郁症不仅对孕妇的身体健康有直接影响，还会影响胎儿的生长发育，甚至导致胎儿死亡。目前临床上主要通过药物治疗、物理治疗、电休克治疗和心理治疗等方式[6，7]。……