韩智超 李秋利

摘  要：目的：探讨发展护理专业学生职业体能的体育教学有效途径。方法：选取我校2018级护理专业2个专科班学生作为研究对象，随机选定一个班为实验组（A组），另一班为对照组（B组），采用不同的体育教学模式进行三个学期的体育教学实验，实验前后对6项素质的8个项目进行测试，运用问卷调查法、比较法、数理统计法进行分析。结果：经过三个学期的不同体育教学模式學习，A、B两组学生8个项目测试成绩均有所提高，但从组间测试数据对比分析，各项均具有显著差异（P<0.05），即A组学生的职业体能提高的幅度比B组学生高;从实验前后问卷调查可见学生对职业体能与职业病的认知不断加深;对体育课的学习兴趣不断提高。结论：在护理专业学生体育教学中采用基础课+职业体能课+选项课这种“结合式”教学模式，凸显了职业教育的特征和人才培养的职业性能;学生学业评价方式更加全面和客观;其教学效果优于传统教学。

关键词：护理专业学生;职业体能;体育;教学改革

中图分类号：G642       文献标志码：A         文章编号：2096-000X（2021）03-0143-05

Abstract： Objective： This article aims to explore effective ways of developing physical education for nursing students' professional physical fitness. Methods： Two classes of 2018 nursing specialty in our college were taken as the research objects.  One class is randomly selected as the experimental group （Group A） while the other class is the control group （Group B）. The research focuses on different physical education teaching models among these two classes for three semesters. Eight items of 6 qualities are tested before and after the experiment. Results： After three semesters of learning in different physical education teaching modes， the test scores of 8 items of students in Groups A and B have improved. However， there were significant differences （P<0.05） between the two groups， that is， the improvement of the students in Group A was higher than that in Group B. Based on the questionnaire done before and after the experiment， it can be seen that the students' cognition of professional physical fitness and occupational diseases is constantly deepening; the interest in learning physical education is increasing. Conclusion： The "combined" teaching mode of basic courses， professional physical education courses and optional courses highlights the characteristics of vocational education and the professional performance of talent training; the evaluation method of students' academic performance is more comprehensive and objective; its teaching effect is superior to traditional teaching.

Keywords： nursing students; professional physical fitness; physical education; teaching reform

体能又称体适能，是指身体各部位或各系统对突发状况作出反应的能力，包括基本的身体素质，如力量、速度、灵敏、协调、耐力和柔韧等，以及人体的基本活动能力（如走、跑、跳、投掷、攀登、爬越、悬垂和支撑等）[1]。职业体能是指与职业（劳动）有关的身体素质和适应不同工作条件的能力。它是对特定的工作能力分析后所需的身体运动能力，这些能力包括重复性操作能力、背肌能承载静态力的能力、其他肌肉群能达到维持工作姿势要求的能力，以及人体对炎热和潮湿工作环境的耐受力[2]。

课题组对广州卫生职业技术学院护理专业2018级与2017级的学生实施抽样问卷调查，共发放450份调查问卷，回收437份有效调查问卷，有效回收率是97.1%，调查中发现，学生对职业体能、职业病的认知“非常清楚”只占9.5%和10.7%，对体育课的教学内容、方式及学业评价“很满意”分别是11.6%、10.2%及12.4%。……