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凯里市外来入侵植物调查

2021-04-20支华耿合雷顾卿先

杂草学报 2021年4期
关键词:生活型

支华 耿合雷 顾卿先

摘要:以外来入侵植物为研究对象,采用踏查和走访调查相结合的方法对凯里市20个乡镇(街道)外来入侵植物种类进行调查并分析其来源。结果表明,凯里市外来入侵植物共77种,隶属于30科65属,其中菊科为优势科,达18种,占总入侵植物的23.38%;其次为禾本科,达13种,占16.88%。大部分外来入侵植物的原产地为美洲和欧洲。将凯里市外来入侵种划分为7类:恶性入侵类(1级,24种,占31.17%)、严重入侵类(2级,16种,占20.78%)、局部入侵类(3级,7种,占9.09%)、一般入侵类(4级,10种,占12.99%)、有待观察类(5级,4种,占5.19%)、建议排除类(0种)、中国国产类(7级,16种,占20.78%)。在生活型上,二年生草本、藤本和灌乔植物较少,而一年生草本优势明显,共42种,其次为多年生草本,达28种。研究该区入侵植物的种类、生活型等特征差异,以期为后期林业工作者有效防治工作提供基础资料。

关键词:外来入侵植物;生态安全;生活型;凯里市

中图分类号:S451  文献标志码:A  文章编号:1003-935X(2021)04-0017-07

Investigation on Alien Invasive Plants in Kaili City

ZHI Hua,GENG He-lei,GU Qing-xian

(Qiandongnan Forestry Inventory and Panning Institute,Kaili 556099,China)

Abstract:The specie of alien invasive plants in 20 towns (streets) of Kaili City was conducted and their sources were analyzed by combining investigation with inspection and interview. There are 77 species,30 families and 65 genus in Kaili City.Among them,Compositae with 18 species is the dominant family,accounting for 23.38% of the total;Followed by 13 species of Gramineae,accounting for 16.88%. And the most alien invasive plants are native to America and Europe. The alien invasive species in Kaili are divided into 7 categories:malignant invasive specie (grade 1,24 species,accounting for 31.17%),serious invasive specie (grade 2,16 species,accounting for 20.78%),local invasive specie (grade 3,7 species,accounting for 9.09%),general invasive specie (grade 4,10 species,accounting for 12.99%),a left specie with unknown damage wait for further observation (grade 5,4 species,accounting for 5.19%),recommended exclusion class (grade 6,0 specie),and Chinese domestic products (grade 7,16 species,accounting for 20.78%). In terms of life form,biennial herbs,lianas and shrub-trees are fewer,while annual herbs have obvious advantages with 42 species,followed by perennial herbs with 28 species. The view of the differences on the types and life forms of invasive plants in this area was to provide basic information for forestry workers effective prevention and control work in the later period.

Key words:alien invasive plants;ecological selectivity;life form;Kaili City

收稿日期:2021-08-30

作者簡介:支 华(1990—),男,贵州盘州人,硕士,工程师,主要从事森林保护工作。E-mail:2294359026@qq.com。

通信作者:顾卿先,高级工程师,主要从事植物分类与区系地理研究。E-mail:635180792@qq.com。

外来入侵植物是指由于自然或者人为等因素,由一个特定地域的生态系统传播进入另一个生态环境中定植、繁殖、扩散,并对传入地生态环境或其中的物种构成一定威胁的植物[1-2]。外来入侵植物主要通过有意引入、无意引入和自然扩散3个途径侵入[3-4],具有生态适应能力强、繁殖能力强、传播能力强等特点[5]。外来入侵植物可以……

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