新疆机采棉田杂草防控技术规程
2021-04-20赵冰梅朱玉永王林张强马江锋李红李贤超
赵冰梅 朱玉永 王林 张强 马江锋 李红 李贤超



摘要:针对当前新疆三大产棉区机采棉不同生育期杂草发生种类及危害特点,在对杂草防控技术措施调查和试验研究的基础上,结合生产实际,按照综合防控、治早治小、减量增效的原则,优化集成机采棉生产各环节杂草防除技术,制订了规范化防控机采棉田杂草的技术规程,包括播种期、苗蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期以及棉花收获后各阶段杂草防除技术措施的选择、应用技术要点、注意事项等,以期为棉田草害科学防控、机采棉安全生产提供技术支撑。
关键词:新疆棉区;机采棉田;杂草;防控技术;规程
中图分类号:S451 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1003-935X(2021)04-0034-07
Technical Regulation of Weed Control in Machine-Harvested Cotton Fields in Xinjiang
ZHAO Bing-mei,ZHU Yu-yong,WANG Lin,ZHANG Qiang,MA Jiang-feng,LI Hong,LI Xian-chao
(General Station of Agriculture Technology Extension,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops,Urumqi 830001,China)
Abstract:Based on the occurrence and negative impact of weeds at different growth stages of machine-harvested cotton in three major cotton-producing areas of Xinjiang,a technical regulation for standardized weed control was formulated considering the investigation and experimental research on weed management. It combines the production practice and adopts the principles of comprehensive prevention and control at early and young stages,and the reduction of the dosage and improvement of the efficiency of herbicides. The technical regulation includes the selection of weed control tactics,key points of application technology and precautions at sowing,seeding and bud stage,flowering and boll stage,boll opening stage and after cotton harvest. It provides technical support for scientific prevention and selective control of weeds in machine-harvested cotton fields.
Key words:cotton-producting area of Xinjiang;machine-harvested cotton field;weeds;control techniques;procedure
收稿日期:2021-03-26
基金项目:新疆生产建设兵团重大科技计划(编号:2018AA006);新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关计划(编号:2020AB017)。
作者简介:赵冰梅(1964—),女,浙江兰溪人,推广研究员,主要从事植保技术试验示范与推广工作。E-mail:zbingmei@163.com。
通信作者:王 林,推广研究员,主要从事农业新技术试验示范与推广工作。E-mail:wlseed@126.com。
棉花机械采收是植棉业提质增效的关键。田间杂草不仅与棉花争光、争水肥、争空间,造成棉花营养缺失,长势欠佳,产量损失,还会影响棉花机械采收效率,增加籽棉的含杂率[1]。同时,杂草叶片的叶绿素及有色果浆在机械采收棉花的过程中还会污染棉花,形成有色棉,严重降低机采棉的品质和等级。2020年新疆机采棉种植模式面积占比近70%,北疆棉区如新疆玛纳斯县,兵团第五师、第六师、第七师、第八师机采率甚至达到了100%。……
