张绍明 朱先敏 彭程 袁树忠 邓维 董红刚 耿跃

摘要：为了探讨江苏省稻茬冬小麦田禾本科杂草-阔叶杂草混合优势种群的防除指标，2020—2021年在江苏省扬州市邗江区稻茬冬小麦田中开展日本看麦娘-猪殃殃混合种群防除指标的研究。结果表明，日本看麦娘和猪殃殃混生对小麦具有危害，主要体现在小麦成穗和穗型上，即小麦分蘖成穗和每穗粒数减少，从而导致小麦减产。以使小麦减产5%的杂草混生密度、鲜重作为杂草防除的阈值，则稻茬小麦田的日本看麦娘、猪殃殃的混合防除指标为45.6株/m2+6.8株/m2，杂草鲜重则需要达到230.8 g/m2。

关键词：日本看麦娘;猪殃殃;杂草密度;杂草鲜重;防除指标;稻茬冬小麦田

中图分类号：S451.1  文献标志码：A  文章编号：1003-935X（2021）04-0029-05

Control Targets of Mixed Occurrence of Alopecurus japonicas and Galium aparine in Rice-Wheat Rotated Winter Wheat Fields

ZHANG Shao-ming1，ZHU Xian-min1，PENG Cheng2，YUAN Shu-zhong2，DENG Wei2，DONG Hong-gang3，GENG Yue3

（1.Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province，Nanjing 210036，China;

2.College of Horticulture and Plant Protection，Yangzhou University，Yangzhou 225009，China;

3.Hanjiang District Crop Technology Promotion Center，Yangzhou City，Jiangsu Province，Yangzhou 225009，China）

Abstract：To explore control targets of mixed dominant population of Gramineous-broadleaved weeds in rice-wheat rotated winter wheat fields of Jiangsu Province，the study on control targets of mixed dominant population of Alopecurus japonicas and Galium aparine was carried out in Hanjiang district，Yangzhou City，Jiangsu Province from 2020 to 2021.The result showed that mixed occurrence of A. japonicas and G. aparine was harmful to wheat，which was mainly reflected in spike formation and spike size of wheat，the number of spike formation and spike size was reduced，resulting in the reduction of wheat yield. Weed mixed density with A. japonicas 45.6 plant/m2+G. aparine 6.8 plant/m2 and weed fresh weight with 230.8 g/m2 that lead to 5% reduction in wheat yield were taken as the threshold of weed control.

Key words：Alopecurus japonicas;Galium aparine;weed density;weed fresh weight;control target;rice-wheat rotated winter wheat fields

收稿日期：2021-10-25

作者簡介：张绍明（1963—），男，江苏淮安人，硕士，推广研究员，主要从事农田杂草防除、农药安全使用以及农作物病虫害专业化统防统治等工作。E-mail：zsm@jsagri.gov.cn。

近年来，江苏省小麦种植面积年均 226万hm2，以稻麦连作浅旋耕种植方式为主，稻茬小麦因耕作粗放等原因草害严重，多以禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草混生为主，其中日本看麦娘和猪殃殃混合发生在全省普遍存在，目前全省稻茬小麦田以日本看麦娘和猪殃殃为优势种的发生面积已超过 100万hm2[1-2]。建立杂草的（生态）经济阈值或防除阈值可为杂草防除提供科学依据。前人已对多种麦田杂草的经济阈值进行了研究[3-6]，而混合发生时，杂草对小麦产量的影响较为复杂，邵小明等研究了荠菜与播娘蒿密度比为 2 ∶1 时在小麦田的经济防除阈值[7]，管丽琴等通过研究提出了日本看麦娘与大巢菜混合发生时的动态防除阈值[8]。……