沈剑 周丹 张海艳 李明 陆云梅

摘要：为明确江苏省常州市机插稻田杂草种类及其分布情况，采用倒置“W”形取样法对常州市机插稻田杂草进行调查。结果表明，常州市机插稻田杂草共有25种，隶属12科，主要优势杂草有鸭舌草（Monochoria vaginalis）、水苋菜（Ammannia baccifera）2种，区域性优势杂草有千金子（Leptochloa chinensis）、稗（Echinochloa crusgalli）2种，常州市机插稻田以鸭舌草-水苋菜-千金子、鸭舌草-水苋菜-稗共生为主。调查发现，东部地区（武进区）杂草12科25种，其中鸭舌草、水苋菜和千金子为优势种;西部地区（溧阳市）杂草12科24种，鸭舌草、水苋菜、陌上菜和千金子为优势種;中部地区（金坛区）杂草12科19种，其中鸭舌草、稗、水苋菜为优势种。本研究结果为常州市有针对性地防除机插稻田杂草，避免盲目过量使用除草剂提供了依据。

关键词：机插稻田;杂草种类;分布;优势杂草

中图分类号：S451  文献标志码：A  文章编号：1003-935X（2021）04-0024-05

Distribution of Weed Populations in Machine-Transplanted Rice Fields in Changzhou City

SHEN Jian1，ZHOU Dan2，ZHANG Hai-yan3，Li Ming4，LU Yun-mei1

（1.Changzhou Comprehensive Agricultural Technology Extension Center，Changzhou 213000，China;

2.Wujin Agricultural Technology Extension Center，Changzhou 213100，China;

3. Jintan Planting Technology Extension Center，Changzhou 213200，China;

4.Liyang Agricultural Technology Extension Center，Changzhou 213400，China）

Abstract：A survey based on the inverted “W” sampling method was conducted to determine weed species and their distribution in machine-transplanted rice fields in Changzhou City，Jiangsu Province. There were 25 species，belonging to 12 families;the main dominant weeds were Monochoria vaginalis and Ammannia baccifera，the regional dominant weeds were Leptochloa chinensis and Echinochloa crusgalli. The weed community in the machine-transplanted rice fields in Changzhou City was dominated by M. vaginalis-A. baccifera-L. chinensis and M. vaginalis-A. baccifera-E. crusgalli. Twelve families and 25 species of weeds were found in the eastern region （Wujin），among them，M. vaginalis，A. baccifera and L. chinensis were the dominant species.Twelve families and 24 species of weeds were found in the western region （Liyang），among them，M. vaginalis，Ammannia baccifera，Lindernia procumbens and L. chinensis were the dominant species. Twelve families and 19 species of weeds were found in the central region （Jintan），among

收稿日期：2021-07-06

基金项目：江苏省农业三新工程项目（编号：SXGC[2017]057）。

作者简介：沈 剑（1980—），男，江苏常州人，硕士，高级农艺师，主要从事农作物有害生物监测与防治工作。E-mail：24724774@qq.com。

them，M. vaginalis，A. baccifera and E. crusgalli were the dominant species. This study provides useful information for the control of weeds and to avoid herbicide overuse in machine-transplanted rice fields.

Key words：machine-transplanted rice fields;weed species;distribution;dominant weeds

水稻是江苏省常州市最重要的粮食作物，常年种植面积为60 khm2左右。由于稻田杂草种类多，发生面积大，抗性杂草发展迅速等因素[1]，杂草危害已成为影响水稻优质高产的一个重要因素。水稻小苗机械栽插，栽前采用浅旋耕方式整地，杂草种子多集中于土壤表层，栽后水稻生长初期采取湿润灌溉水浆管理方式，创造了非常有利于稻田杂草萌发和生长的生态环境条件，因此影响了杂草草相……