自然美的转向:从“祛魅”到“复魅”
2021-04-14张娴
张娴
关键词:自然美;复魅;存在;生态文明
摘 要:“祛魅”是建立在主客二分、二元对立的思维模式及哲学起点之上的,并以人类中心主义为思想核心。从“祛魅”到“复魅”的转向,需要再次对自然美问题进行新的学理建构,并以此为前提重新确认人在生存发展过程中的自我价值及身份认同。在新时期绿色发展语境下,“复魅”不仅仅是对自然的精神敬畏,更是一种共生共荣的融入,把“人在自然中存在”作为自然“复魅”审美转向后新的哲学起点,把对自然万物生命的体认作为构建新的自然美的审美核心,最终指向生态文明建设,实现人类“诗意地栖居”。
中图分类号:B83 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-2435(2021)02-0061-05
The Turn of Natural Beauty: From the Disenchantment to the Re-enchantment—Based on Composition of Nature Literature
ZHANG Xian(1.College of Liberal Arts, Anhui University, Hefei 230001; 2.Anhui Besiness Vocational College,Hefei 231131,China)
Key words: natural beauty;re-enchantment;existence;ecological civilization
Abstract: The “disenchantment” whose core of ideology is anthropocentrism builds itself on the subject-object dichotomy and binary opposite. The diversion from “disenchantment” to “re-enchantment” means that natural beauty needs to be reconstructed with new theoretical systems. And therefore, the self-worth and self-identity based on this reconstruction are reaffirmed during the process of the survival and development of humankind. In the context of green development in the new period, “re-enchantment” is not only a spiritual reverence for nature, but a kind of integration of co-existence and co-prosperity as well. It considers “human existence in nature” as the new philosophical start after the aesthetic turn of natures “re-enchantment”. It also regards the recognition of all the living-beings as the aesthetic core of reconstructing new natural beauty. And therefore, it ultimately leads to the achievement of “Full of merit, yet poetically, man dwells on this earth” and the realization of eco-civilization.
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自然美问题一直都是美学研究的热点问题,并始终围绕“人与自然关系”这一核心要素展开。随着人类历史发展语境的变化,有关人与自然关系的认识以及人类对自然的审美态度也发生着不断的转变,从起初把自然作为客体性对象进行神化膜拜,到后来“人类中心主义”提出对自然的“祛魅”1、将人的主体性及创造性凌驾于自然之上,再到“生态中心”论“自然全美”等观点的提出,美学界以呼吁对“世界的复魅”[1]3实现了对“人类中心主义”审美模式的彻底反拨,有关自然美的生成范式及审美转向在美学及文学创作领域也有了划时代的体现。在20世纪全球性生态危机背景下崛起的、具有中国本土生态文学特色的大自然文学,就是以自然美及人与自然关系为主要书写内容,并以构建人与自然和谐共生的诗意家园为最高审美理想,具有鲜明的现代生态伦理意识的一种文学现象。……
