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农地转用领域土地要素市场化配置的制度逻辑

2021-04-14李蕊

安徽师范大学学报 2021年1期

李蕊

关键词:土地要素市场化配置;土地用途管制;土地开发权;农地转用指标

摘 要:农地转用领域土地要素的配置不仅关涉城市建设用地的有效供给、农地数量和质量的稳定,而且关涉生态环境保护乃至粮食安全,具有鲜明的公共性、公益性和社会性。土地要素市场化配置改革的要旨绝不是去管制、脱离管制,而是如何将管制与市场机制有机结合,改进政府管制能力、提升管制质量。着眼于土地管理的宪法秩序,土地要素市场化配置不是土地本身的市场化,只能是诸种土地使用权的市场化配置。配置的关键在于农地转用指标交易的市场化。

中图分类号:D912.3文献标志码:A文章编号:1001-2345(2021)02-0117-06

The Institutional Logic of Market-Oriented Allocation of Land Elements in the Field of Farmland Conversion

LI Rui (School of Civil,Commercial and Economic Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

Key words:market-oriented allocation of land elements;land usage regulation;land development rights;farmland conversion index

Abstract:The allocation of land elements in the field of farmland conversion is not only related to the effective supply of urban construction land,the stability of the quantity and quality of farmland,but also related to the protection of the ecological environment and even food security,with a distinct public and social nature. The key point of market-oriented allocation reform of the land elements is not to get rid of the control,but to combine the regulation with the market mechanism,and improve the governments regulation capacity and the quality of control. Focusing on the constitutional order of land management,the marketized allocation of land elements is not that of the land itself,but that of various land use rights. The key to allocation lies in the marketization of farmland conversion index transactions.

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一、研究的緣起

不可否认,改革开放四十多年来我国产品市场改革持续推进,但是要素市场领域改革推进则相对滞后。党的十九大报告指出,经济体制改革必须以完善产权制度和要素市场化配置为重点。2020年中共中央、国务院发布我国第一个关于生产要素市场化配置改革的纲领性文件《关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见》,指出要“破除阻碍要素自由流动的体制机制障碍,扩大要素市场化配置范围”,并将土地要素列为诸种市场要素之首。毋庸讳言,土地作为重要的基础性资源和最基本的生产要素,其市场化配置的有效实现是当下优化营商环境的前置要件。

推进土地要素市场化配置的一个关键环节在于加快建设城乡统一的建设用地市场改革,要畅通土地要素流动渠道,保障不同市场主体有机会平等获取土地资源,尤其是建设用地资源。……

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