农村耕地分布不均等性的变化:1988—2013
2021-04-14罗楚亮梁晓慧
罗楚亮 梁晓慧



关键词:人均耕地面积;基尼系数;Oaxaca-Blinder分解
摘 要:农村土地分配对于农业发展、农村稳定和农民增收可能具有先决性的影响。采用CHIP1988、1995、2002和2013年的数据考察了农村耕地分配不均等性的变化,发现1988—2002年人均耕地面积出现了一定程度的下降,而2013年有较小幅度的上升。以基尼系数衡量的土地不均等在1995年出现了略微的下降,之后年份保持持续上升趋势,且2013年不均等程度已超过1988年。进一步研究发现,不论是采用农业收入还是总收入,整体上均显示随收入水平提高其人均耕地面积也增加,这说明土地可能更多的集中在富人手中。此外,本文还发现户主为女性、家庭人口规模越大则人均耕地面积越小,而家庭收入与县均值的比率以及县农业收入占比越高其人均耕地面积越大。采用Oaxaca-Blinder分解结果显示,家庭规模和家庭年龄性别结构因素随时间变化对人均耕地面积变动的影响变得更加重要。
中图分类号:F321.1文献标志码:A文章编号:1001-2435(2021)02-0123-012
Changes in Land Inequality in Rural China from 1988 to 2013
LUO Chu-liang1,LIANG Xiao-hui2(1.School of Labor and Human Resource,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;2.Business School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
Key words:acreage per capita;Gini coefficient;Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition
Abstract:Land allocation may have a prerequisite impact on agricultural development,rural stability and farmers income. This paper examines the unequal distribution of rural arable land using data from CHIP 1988,1995,2002 and 2013. It was found that there was some decline in acreage per capita in 1988-2002,while in 2013 there was a small increase. Land inequality,as measured by the Gini coefficient,declined slightly in 1995 and continued to increase in the following years,and the land was allocated more unequally in 2013 that in 1988. Further, whether using agricultural income or total income,both of them indicate an increase in the area of arable land per capita with income,suggesting that land may be more concentrated to the rich. In addition,the larger the female-headed household size,the smaller acreage per capita while the higher the ratio of household income to county average and the proportion of county agricultural income,the larger the area of cultivated land per capita. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition indicates that household size and age-gender composition played an increasingly important role in land inequality changes.
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一、引 言
土地分布对于经济发展、社会稳定都具有至关重要的意义,对于农业发展、农村稳定和农民增收可能具有先决性的影响。土地分配往往与时代环境相契合,传统社会中,土地是财富积累的重要手段,在遭遇不利的外部冲击时也可能成为一项重要的避险资产,这也决定了人们可能会具有较强的土地持有倾向,从而使得土地交易活跃,导致土地可能集中在少数人手中。现阶段基于农村土地集体所有制的分配方式,一方面强调土地在村集体内部成员之间“公平”1分配,另一方面对于土地流转做出相应限定,目的在于防止由于流转而造成土地的过度集中2以及用途改变而危及国家粮食安全3。……
