宋佩玉 庞思娇

关键词：上海;美英电影公司;文化霸权;新中国成立初期

摘 要：新中国成立初期，为改变帝国主义垄断中国电影市场，维护民族独立和国家利益，上海市军管会通过电影审查和经营监管等直接、间接方式，逐渐缩减美英电影放映市场份额，限制美英电影公司的业务，进而减少西方意识形态传播和渗透，消除文化霸权。朝鲜战争爆发后，为彻底肃清亲美、崇美、恐美思想，上海市军管会军管美英电影公司，这些电影公司陆续以自主歇业的方式退出上海电影市场。

中图分类号：F129文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）02-0108-09

Eliminating Cultural Hegemony：Supervision and Clean-up of  American and British Film Companies in Shanghai in the Early Days of the Founding of New China

SONG Pei-yu，PANG Si-jiao（School of Marxism，Shanghai Normal University，Shanghai 200234，China）

Key words：Shanghai;American and British film companies;cultural hegemony;the early days of the Founding of New China

Abstract：In the early days of the founding of New China，in order to change the imperialist monopoly on Chinas film market and safeguard national independence and national interests，the Shanghai Military Regulatory Commission gradually reduced the market share of American and British film screenings through direct and indirect means such as film censorship and operational supervision，and restricted the business of American and British film companies，thereby reducing the spread and penetration of Western ideology and eliminating cultural hegemony. After the outbreak of the Korean War，in order to completely eliminate pro-American mentality and the psychology of worshipping and fearing the USA，the Shanghai Military Regulatory Commission controlled American and British film companies，and these film companies had successively withdrew from the Shanghai film market by means of independent closure.

——————————————————————————————————————————

电影事业包括制片、发行和放映三个环节，其中发行是整个电影业的有机组成部分，也是电影经营的重要载体。新中国成立之初，美英各大电影公司在上海设有分支机构。在政治、外交环境不断变化的过程中，这些电影公司经历了由盛转衰，并最终清理的曲折过程。上海市军管会对美英电影公司的审查、限制与最终清理，既是对好莱坞为首的西方电影文化霸权的对抗，同时在构建民族记忆、凝聚国家认同、激发爱国情感等方面亦起到不可忽视的作用。1

一、概 况

抗日战争胜利后，海上运输恢复，美英影片大量涌入上海。1946年6月，美国8家电影公司，即环球（Universal Pictures Corporation of China）、二十世纪福斯（20th Century Fox Films）、华纳（Warner Brothers First National Pictures of China）、派拉蒙（Paramount Films of China，Inc.）、米高梅（Mertro-Goldwin-Mager of China）、哥伦比亚（Columbia Films of China）、雷电华（Radio Pictures of China Inc.）、联美（United Artists Corporation）恢复营业。同年，英国鹰狮公司（Eagle-Lion Distributors，Ltd.）在上海设立分公司。以上9家公司参加影业公会（Film Board of Trade），“旨在沟通同业间的消息，解决公司之间的业务矛盾，仲裁各项纠纷和争议，协助执行放映合同，合理安排影院地盘和映期”。……