庞振军 姚文娟 陆爱舟 张国栋

摘 要 目的：了解上海市金山區吕巷镇60岁以上老年人脑卒中高危人群健康知识、信念和行为的现状及其影响因素。方法：于2019年6月采取系统抽样方法在参与上海市金山区吕巷镇社区卫生服务中心2018年度脑卒中高危人群筛查的406名社区居民中选取270名进行健康知识、信念和行为的问卷调查。共发放问卷270份，回收有效问卷264份，有效回收率为97.8%。结果：被调查者脑卒中健康知识、信念和行为平均得分分别为（23.36±2.67）分、（97.86±7.38）分、（115.46±7.05）分。不同性别、家庭人均月收入和婚姻状况的被调查者健康知识得分差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同性别的被调查者健康信念得分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；不同性别、文化程度和家庭人均月收入的被调查者健康行为得分差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多重线性回归分析结果显示，被调查者的健康行为影响因素按照贡献度从高到低依次为健康知识得分、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、性别和年龄。结论：应针对不同文化程度、经济状况、性别、年龄及健康知识掌握情况的人群采取综合性干预措施，使相关人群树立正确的健康信念，加强自我健康管理，达到预防脑卒中的目的。

关键词 脑卒中；高危人群；影响因素

中图分类号：R743.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2021）02-0009-04

*基金项目：金山区卫生和计划生育委员会2018年度科研课题（JSKJ-KTSQ-2018-09）

Investigation of knowledge， attitude and practice of elderly people with high risk of stroke in Lvxiang Community and analysis of influencing factors

PANG Zhenjun， YAO Wenjuan， LU Aizhou， ZHANG Guodong（Department of Prevention and Health Care of Lyuxiang Community Health Service Center of Jinshan District， Shanghai 201517， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To understand the current status and influencing factors of the health knowledge， attitude and practice of the elderly people over 60 years old at high risk of stroke in Lyuxiang Community， Jinshan District， Shanghai. Methods： In June 2019， 270 out of 406 community residents who participated in the 2018 stroke high-risk population screening of Lyvxiang Community Health Service Center in Jinshan District of Shanghai were selected as the subjects to conduct a questionnaire survey on health knowledge， attitude and practice. A total of 270 questionnaires were distributed， 264 valid questionnaires were recovered， and the effective recovery was 97.8%. Results： The average scores of the stroke health knowledge， beliefs and behaviors of the respondents were （23.36±2.67）， （97.86±7.38）， and （115.46±7.05） points， respectively. The differences in health knowledge scores of the respondents of different genders， family monthly incomes and marital status were statistically significant（P<0.05）； the difference in health belief scores of different genders was statistically significant（P<0.05）； there were statistically significant differences in health behavior scores among different gender， education level and average income per person in family（P<0.05）. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factors influencing the health behavior of the respondents were health knowledge score， education level， family monthly income， gender and age in order from high to low contribution. Conclusion： Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken for people with different educational level， economic status， gender， age and health knowledge， so as to establish correct health belief， strengthen self-health management and achieve the purpose of stroke prevention.

KEY WORDS stroke； high risk population； influencing factor

脑卒中是具有发病率高、致残率高、致死率高和复发率高等特点的健康行为相关性疾病，其发病与危险因素的暴露水平密切相关，且能通过对影响因素的有效干预降低其患病率和死亡率[1-3]。国内脑卒中发病率、患病率、死亡率和伤残调整寿命年均高于全球水平，并呈上升趋势[4-6]。健康知识、信念和行为是评价脑卒中防控工作效果的重要指标[7]，为了解上海市金山区吕巷镇60岁以上老年人脑卒中高危人群健康知识、信念和行为的现状及其影响因素，本次研究对脑卒中高危人群进行问卷调查，为脑卒中相关干预工作提供参考依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

于2019年6月采取系统抽样方法在参与上海市金山区呂巷镇社区卫生服务中心2018年度脑卒中高危人群筛查的406名社区居民中选取270名作为调查对象进行健康知识、信念和行为的问卷调查。……