陈思同 王立新 田来 唐炎 刘阳 陈佩杰

摘    要：“強化综合素质培养”“完善综合素质评价”已经成为我国学校教育改革的重要组成部分。然而，在体育综合素质评价方面还有待完善，尤以体育知识方面的测评体系为代表。为此，儿童青少年体育知识测评体系的构建一定程度上可有效解决综合素质评价尚不完善的问题。通过专家和体育教师的讨论，对标我国“体育与健康课程标准”，构建了适合水平一至五的“体育知识测评体系”，并采用百分制评价儿童青少年的体育知识水平。所构建的“体育知识测评体系”主要从运动人体、体育运动营养、体育运动保健（健康促进）和体育运动安全（损伤/伤害）4个方面测评相关知识。本“体育知识测评体系”的测评结果显示，上海市儿童青少年的体育知识水平总体较好，但尚有进步空间。“体育知识测评体系”的构建意在对学生的体育知识学习情况进行评价和反馈，对于学校教育改革、学校体育发展、《体育与健康课程》的内涵丰富、完善体育教学过程和提供方法学参考有一定的参考价值。

关键词：学校体育;体育素养;体育知识;中小学生;综合素质评价

中图分类号：G 803          学科代码：040301           文献标识码：A

Abstract：“Reinforcing the comprehensive-quality cultivation”and“improving the comprehensive quality assessments” have been one important component of educational reforms in China. However， the comprehensive quality assessments still need to be perfected in the aspect of the comprehensive quality evaluation of sports， especially the evaluation system of sports knowledge. Therefore， the construction of the sports knowledge assessment system for children and adolescents effectively solves the problem that the comprehensive quality assessment is not perfect to some extent. Based on the opinions and discussions of experts and PE teachers， this paper constructs a sport knowledge assessment system for children and teenagers， which is suitable for Level 1 to 5， according to the curriculum standards of PE and health in China， and adopts the percentage system to evaluate the sport knowledge level of children and teenagers. The sports knowledge assessment system constructed mainly evaluates relevant knowledge contents from four aspects： sports body， sports nutrition， sports health care （health promotion） and sports safety （injury）. The results of the sports knowledge assessment system indicate that the sports knowledge level of children and teenagers in Shanghai is generally good， but there is still room for improvement. The construction of sports knowledge assessment system aims to evaluate and give feedback to students' learning of sports knowledge， which has certain reference value for educational reform， school sports development， rich connotation of sports and health curriculum， optimization of sports teaching process and provide methodology paradigm of future research.

Keywords：school physical education; physical literacy; knowledge in physical education and sport; elementary and middle school students; comprehensive-quality assessments

2019年6月11日我国发布了《国务院办公厅关于新时代推进普通高中育人方式改革的指导意见》（以下简称“29号文件”）。29号文件中将“强化综合素质培养”“完善综合素质评价”作为构建全面培养体系的重要部分[1]。在“强化综合素质培养”这一部分中，体育成为了改革的重要方面。……