吴基任 潘望 谭高好 潘永波 魏静 李备

摘 要：依据国家食品安全标准，采用QuEChERs提取技术及超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法，对200批采集自海南省15个市县的小作坊土榨花生油样品的黄曲霉毒素B含量进行测定，并对不同市县的小作坊土榨花生油样品的黄曲霉毒素B的检出情况进行了分析，以了解海南省小作坊土榨花生油黄曲霉毒素B的污染现况。结果表明，海南省小作坊土榨花生油黄曲霉毒素B的检出率（≥0.23 μg/kg）为42.5%，99.5%小作坊土榨花生油符合国家食品安全标准对花生油中黄曲霉毒素素B的限值（≤20 μg/kg）规定。海南省居民食用土榨花生油中黄曲霉毒素B的平均暴露水平为0.43 ng/kg bw/d，通过食用土榨花生油摄入黄曲霉毒素B1的量为25.89 ng/人，低于我国消费人群花生油平均日膳食暴露量50.16 ng/人。

关键词：小作坊;土榨花生油;黄曲霉毒素B;调查

Investigation and Analysis of Aflatoxin B in Flavor Peanut Oil Extracted from Small Workshops in Hainan Province in 2021

WU Jiren1，2， PAN Wang1，2， TAN Gaohao1，2， PAN Yongbo1，2， WEI Jing1，2， LI Bei1，2

（1.Hainan Institute for Food Control， Haikou 570314， China; 2.Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation， Haikou 570314， China）

Abstract： According to the national food safety standard， QuEChERs extraction technology and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry were used to determine the content of aflatoxin B in 200 samples of flavor peanut oil from small workshops in 15 cities and counties of Hainan province， and the detection of aflatoxin B in flavor peanut oil samples from small workshops in different cities and counties was analyzed. In order to understand the pollution status of aflatoxin B in flavor peanut oil extracted from small workshops in Hainan Province. The detection rate of aflatoxin B （≥0.23 μg/kg） in flavor peanut oil extracted from small workshops in Hainan Province was 42.5%，99.5% of the flavor peanut oil squeezed from small workshop conforms to the national food safety standard for aflatoxin B1 in peanut oil （≤20 μg/kg）.The average exposure level of aflatoxin B in flavor peanut oil of Hainan province was 0.43ng/kgbw/d， and the amount of aflatoxin B intake through flavor peanut oil consumption was 25.89 ng/person， which was lower than the average daily dietary exposure of peanut oil in China （50.16 ng/person）.

Keywords： small workshop; flavor peanut oil; aflatoxin B; investigation

黄曲霉毒素B是二氢呋喃氧杂奈临酮的衍生物，即含有一个双呋喃环和一个氧杂萘临酮（香豆素）。黄曲霉毒素B具有致癌、致突变、致畸性及肝毒性，对人体健康有极大的危害，1993年黄曲霉毒素被世界卫生组织（WHO）癌症研究总署（LARC）划定为Ⅰ类致癌物。考虑到黄曲霉毒素B对人类健康的危害性，各个国际组织逐步确立法律法规限定其最大摄入量。1993年联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织规定食品中黄曲霉毒素限量为30 μg/kg，2002年欧盟规定供人食用的食品及食品原料中黄曲霉毒素B限量为2 μg/kg，食品法典委员会规定了花生中黄曲霉毒素总限量为15 μg/kg。我國新修订的《国家食品安全标准 食品中真菌毒素限量》（GB 2761—2017）也对各类食品中的黄曲霉毒素B限量进行了规定，其中花生及其制品的限量为20 μg/kg。……