燕窝营养成分分析与品质综合评价
2021-01-10阙茂垚张晓婷柳训才范群艳徐敦明
阙茂垚 张晓婷 柳训才 范群艳 徐敦明


摘 要:研究燕窝营养成分,对燕窝进行蛋白质、唾液酸、K、Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn7个指标测定,利用主成分分析方法(Principal Components Analysis,PCA)确定燕窝品质综合评价依据。结果表明:燕窝中蛋白质含量在60.0%~69.5%,唾液酸含量在8.6%~11.7%,中位居中变异系数(Coefficient of Variance,COV)值小,燕窝个体差异小;而铁元素COV值最高,达到3 126.5%,含量波动最大,可作为评价燕窝品质的指标之一。对7个营养成分指标进行主成分分析,从中提取3个主成分,累积贡献率达到86.666%。基于上述7个指标,综合分析得出唾液酸、Ca、Fe、Zn可作为燕窝品质综合评价指标。
关键词:燕窝;营养成分;变异系数;主成分分析;综合评价
Nutrient Composition Analysis and Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Bird’s Nest
QUE Maoyao1, ZHANG Xiaoting1, LIU Xuncai1*, FAN Qunyan1, XU Dunming2
(1. Yan Palace Seelong Food Co., Ltd., Nest Technology Center, Xiamen 361100, China; 2.Technical Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Xiamen Customs, Xiamen 361026, China)
Abstract: In order to study the nutrient composition of bird’s nest, seven indexes of protein, sialic acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc were determined, and principal components analysis (PCA) was used to determine the comprehensive evaluation basis of bird’s nest quality. The results showed that the contents of protein and sialic acid in bird’s nest ranged from 60.0% to 69.5% and 8.6% to 11.7%, and the coefficient of variance (COV) value was small. The COV value of iron was the highest, reaching 3 126.5%, and its content fluctuated the most, which could be used as one of the indexes to evaluate the quality of bird’s nest. The principal component analysis of 7 nutrient components was carried out, and 3 principal components were extracted from them. The cumulative contribution rate reached 86.666%. It is concluded that sialic acid, calcium, iron and zinc can be used as comprehensive evaluation indexes of bird’s nest quality.
Keywords: bird’s nest; nutrition; coefficient of variance; principal component analysis; comprehensive evaluation
燕窩是由雨燕科(Apodidiae)金丝燕(Aerodramus)、侏金丝燕(Collocalia)、雨燕(Apus apus)等燕类用舌下腺分泌物与绒羽等混合凝结所筑的巢窝。根据燕子筑巢的环境不同,燕窝分为屋燕和洞燕,主要产于东南亚一带。食用燕窝从古至今素来是我国养生文化的重要组成,具有促进大脑发育、改善记忆、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗衰老、提高免疫力、护肝、抗肿瘤、调节肠道菌群等功效,主要源于燕窝中含有丰富的蛋白质、碳水化合物、唾液酸、氨基酸、少量脂肪和微量元素及矿物质等营养物质。随着国民经济的提高,人们对燕窝的需求度稳步增高,消费人群从特殊群体不断向大众化扩张。据海关总署数据在线查询平台统计2020年度我国进口燕窝量高达345 t,燕窝市场的快速发展,导致市场上燕窝品质良莠不齐。燕窝的品质决定了燕窝的食用价值,单从一个或某些方面都无法全面地进行燕窝品质分析。……
