赵春海 苏晓光 王晓慧 蔡红霞 赵弘轶 孟文峰

[摘要] 精神疾病有着治疗周期较长、复发率较高、致残率较高的特点。精神康复的目的是，帮助精神障碍患者保存或提升生活自理、家庭劳动、职业工作能力，提高适应社会的能力，降低致残，适应医院、家庭、社会之间的角色转变，实现病后康复重新回归家庭和社会，进而保持生活质量，体现个人价值，为家庭、社会作出积极贡献。军人群体的特殊性，决定了军人精神障碍的康复需要考虑部队建制体制独立、训练管理统一、岗位职责重要等因素，建立有别于现有精神康复形式的“军人精神康复模式”，以减少对部队日常建设和训练的影响。

[关键词] 军队;精神障碍;康复;模式

[中图分类号] R749          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210（2020）07（c）-0181-04

Development of mental rehabilitation and thinking of mental rehabilitation of soldiers

ZHAO Chunhai   SU Xiaoguang   WANG Xiaohui   CAI Hongxia   ZHAO Hongyi   MENG Wenfeng▲

Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA， the 984th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force， Beijing   100094， China

[Abstract] Mental illness has the characteristics of longer treatment cycle， higher recurrence rate and higher disability rate. The purpose of mental rehabilitation is to help patients with mental disorders to preserve or improve independent living， family labor， professional work ability， improve their ability to adapt to the society， reduce disability， adapt to the role transformation among the hospital， family and society， and realize the rehabilitation after illness return to the family and society， and then maintain the quality of life， reflect personal values， make positive contributions to the family and society. The particularity of the military group determines that the rehabilitation of the mental disorders of the soldiers needs to consider factors such as the independence of the army′s organizational system， the unity of training management， and the importance of post responsibilities， and establish a “mental rehabilitation model of the soldiers” which is different from the current form of mental rehabilitation， so as to reduce the impact on the daily construction and training of the troops.

[Key words] Army; Mental disorders; Rehabilitation; Model

精神康復旨在帮助精神障碍患者恢复、保存（和/或减缓丧失）生活自理、独立生活、社会交往能力，劳动技能和职业功能;进而减少复发、促进回归社会，降低照护和管理成本。军人作为一个特殊群体，要经常面对各种军事行动的挑战;军队的特殊环境决定着军人是心理疾病的高发人群。降低精神和心理障碍对军队战斗力的影响，需要预防、治疗和康复三者相互促进、缺一不可。目前国内研究显示[1]，精神康复与临床医疗的差异化开展是现代精神康复的趋势，建立与住院治疗相区别的社区康复服务、开展特色的技能训练以及医院到家庭的平稳过渡是其共同特征。因为军人身份的特殊、岗位职责的重要和部队管理的高度集中统一，具体到军人精神康复开展上，无法完全复制目前在普通患者中已经开展的日间病房、会所制、庇护就业等形式。……