陈倩 吴忠才

摘 要： 随着国家精准扶贫政策的推行，文化扶贫被日益推上日程，尤其是具有广义虚拟经济属性的非物质文化遗产成为了扶贫新亮点，既助力贫困地区脱贫摘帽，发展特色文旅产业，又承启本土传统手工艺精神，彰显文化自信以创新式传承传播非物质文化遗产。在这种境遇下，从“非遗”扶贫的背景着力研究湘西苗绣的传承特色及遭遇的瓶颈，提出既要做到产业发展的同时不违背手艺的“手工本性”，又要将两者有效结合而不影响传承保护的“活态本性”，寻求切实可行的建设性传承保护对策。

关键词： “非遗”扶贫；广义虚拟经济；湘西苗绣；传承保护

中图分类号： F063.6 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1674-9448 （2020） 01-0053-05

Study on Inheritance and Protection of Miao Embroidery in western Hunan in the Context of "Intangible Cultural Heritage" Poverty Alleviation

CHEN Qian1 WU Zhong-cai2

（1. Hunan nonferrous metal vocational and technical college， department of architectural engineering， Zhuzhou 412006， China； 2. College of Economic and Management， Hunan Institute of Science and Technology， Yueyang 414006， China）

Abstract： With the implementation of the national targeted poverty alleviation policy， cultural poverty alleviation has been increasingly pushed onto the agenda. In particular， the intangible cultural heritage with the attribute of generalized virtual economy has become a new highlight of poverty alleviation， It not only helps poor areas lift themselves out of poverty and develop cultural and tourism industries with special features， but also inherits the spirit of local traditional handicraft， demonstrating cultural confidence and spreading intangible cultural heritage in an innovative way. Under such circumstances， from the background of "intangible cultural heritage" poverty alleviation， this paper focuses on studying the inheritance characteristics of miao embroidery in western Hunan and the bottleneck encountered， It is proposed that both the industrial development should be achieved without violating the nature of craftsmanship， and the two should be effectively combined without affecting the nature of inheritance and protection， so as to seek feasible and constructive countermeasures for inheritance and protection.

Key words： "Intangible cultural heritage" poverty alleviation， generalized virtual economy， miao embroidery in western hunan，heritage protection

一、引言

非物質文化遗产具有典型的广义虚拟经济属性，湘西苗绣作为苗绣里的一大分支，即可上溯到苗族迁徙史，亦可追溯到苗族服饰文化，引申到图腾崇拜信仰，涵盖到妇女民间生活方式，一针一线，一线一物，将人性的温度演绎到淋漓尽致。它不同于我国的四大名绣，有着别具一格的文化特色遗留其中，或许这正与老百姓生活的民间载体离不开，传统手工艺依托于民间空间分布而传艺授之，潜移默化地自然传播着。苗绣这一民族文化，之所以至今仍能保持鲜明的民族韵味，既离不开苗族人民热衷群居的集体意识，也离不开妇女钟爱刺绣的情感寄托。

二、“非遗”扶贫的广义虚拟经济语境阐释

在现代社会经济条件下，我们清楚地认识到，非物质文化遗产是一种具备虚拟经济价值的结合体，能结合实物价值容纳彼此信息为二元价值形态，满足人们的物质需求和心理需求。……