杜瑶瑶 王兆峰

摘 要： 交通出行方式通过影响居民的日常活动，获得锻炼的机会、暴露在空气及噪声污染中的风险，甚至是饮食结构，对居民的公共健康产生威胁。通过调研国内外相关文献，文章对交通出行方式与公共健康的影响路径进行分析，采取熵值法对2017年北京市、西安市、大连市、广州市、重庆市、武汉市和上海市的基础设施、交通和经济发展进行评价，并利用stata12.0进一步验证各城市交通出行与公共健康的影响关系，结果如下：①基础设施、交通和经济条件较好的城市，其航空旅客周转量较大，而整体发展相对滞后的地区对于铁路和公路运输更为依赖。②民用汽车、公共交通与传统交通出行方式相比，一定程度上增加了居民暴露在空气和噪声污染中的风险。③公路、水路与交通事故数呈显著的正相关关系，且不同交通方式对呼吸道传染病具有一定影响，并对居民的健康安全造成威胁。因此，建议根据各城市交通出行状况，严格控制交通活动中的空气、噪声污染，降低人群感染疾病的风险。

关键词： 城市；交通出行；风险暴露；公共健康；广义虚拟经济

中图分类号：F570.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-9448（2020）01-090-07

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Traffic Travel on Public Health of City

DU Yao-yao WANG Zhao-Feng

（ College of Tourism， Hunan Normal University， Changsha， Hunan 410081， China）

Abstract： The means of transportation pose a threat to the public health of residents by affecting their daily activities， such as gaining access to exercise opportunities， exposure to air and noise pollution， and even diet. By studying the relevant literature at home and abroad， the article analyzes the mode of transportation and the impact path of public health， and uses the entropy method to evaluate the infrastructure， transportation and economic development of Beijing， Xian， Dalian， Guangzhou， Chongqing， Wuhan and Shanghai in 2017. And use stata12.0 to further verify the impact of urban transport and public health， the results are as follows： （1） better infrastructure， transportation and economic conditions of the city， its air passenger turnover is large， and the overall development of the relatively lagging areas are more dependent on rail and road transport. （2） Compared with traditional modes of transportation， civil cars and public transportation increase the risk of residents being exposed to air and noise pollution to a certain extent. （3） The positive correlation between road， waterway and traffic accidents is significant， and different modes of transportation have some effect on respiratory infections and pose a threat to the health and safety of residents. Therefore， it is suggested that according to the traffic situation of each city， strictly control the air and noise pollution in traffic activities， and reduce the risk of people infected with the disease.

Key words： urban tourism， transportation，risk exposure， public health， generalized virtual economy

一、引 言

交通機动化促使城市的地理空间尺度变大，并随着人口数量的增加对居民的日常活动和健康影响愈发重要，通过直接或者间接地影响到非传染性疾病、道路事故以及其他有害健康事件的发生，进而加深了公共健康的不平等[1]。文章通过梳理交通与公共健康的国内外研究成果，归结如下：（1）交通污染与健康不平等现象。……