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白细胞介素、干扰素与精神分裂症相关性的研究

2019-12-17朱晓勇金巧巧

中国现代医生 2019年29期
关键词:白细胞介素免疫功能干扰素

朱晓勇 金巧巧

[摘要] 目的 研究精神分裂癥患者血清白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12和IFN-γ水平变化及其在精神分裂症诊断和治疗中的意义。 方法 选择2016年1月~2019年1月期间本院收治的精神分裂症患者60例作为观察组,以60例体检健康者作为正常对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测两组血清白细胞介素及干扰素水平,比较观察组基线与对照组血清白细胞介素及干扰素水平、治疗前后观察组白细胞介素及干扰素浓度,分析治疗前后白细胞介素及干扰素水平变化与疗效的关系、白细胞介素及干扰素水平间的相关性等。 结果 观察组基线IL-6水平显著高于对照组,IL-8、IL-10、IFN-γ水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),IL-4和IL-12水平与对照组比较,无显著差异(P>0.05);利培酮治疗前后观察组血清白细胞介素和干扰素水平比较,无显著统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组IL-4水平与IL-10水平呈正相关,IL-12与IFN-γ呈正相关。 结论 精神分裂症患者免疫功能存在紊乱,白细胞介素及干扰素网络受损,不同类型、人群和性别可能存在不同状态的免疫功能异常,白细胞介素、干扰素和精神分裂症的相关性有待进一步研究。

[关键词] 精神分裂症;白细胞介素;干扰素;免疫功能

[中图分类号] R749.3          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2019)29-0005-04

Study on the relationship between interleukin, interferon and schizophrenia

ZHU Xiaoyong   JIN Qiaoqiao

Department of Psychiatry, the Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xi'ning   810000, China

[Abstract] Objective To study the changes of serum interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels in patients with schizophrenia and their significance in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Methods A total of 60 patients with schizophrenia admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were selected as observation group, and 60 healthy subjects were used as normal control group. The levels of serum interleukin and interferon in two groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of serum interleukin and interferon in the observation group and control group, and the interleukin and interferon concentrations in the observation group before and after treatment were compared. The relationship of interleukin, interferon levels before and after treatment and the efficacy, the correlation between interleukin and interferon were analyzed. Results The level of IL-6 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The levels of IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The levels of IL-4 and IL-12 in the observation group were not significantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in serum interleukin and interferon levels in the observation group before and after risperidone treatment (P>0.05). The IL-4 level in the observation group was positively correlated with IL-10 level, and the IL-12 was positively correlated with IFN-γ. Conclusion The immune function of patients with schizophrenia is disordered, and the interleukin and interferon network are impaired. Different types, populations and genders may have different immune function abnormalities. The correlation between interleukin, interferon and schizophrenia remains to be further studied.

IL-6是由单核-吞噬细胞释放的一种复杂的细胞因子,可通过血脑屏障主动转运到中枢神经系统,促进淋巴细胞入侵中枢神经系统,破坏血脑屏障,其浓度水平可以直接反映精神分裂症患者非特异性细胞免疫状态[12]。本研究中,观察组基线IL-6水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),这一结论与相关研究一致[4],考虑与精神分裂症患者自身的免疫状态有关;但因IL-6能够通过血脑屏障,因此血液中IL-6水平是否能够反映神经系统中IL-6的水平还有待进一步研究。

IL-8主要来自单核细胞、血管内皮细胞和T淋巴细胞等,具有十分广泛的生物活性,是目前医学界公认的重型粒细胞趋化因子,能够促进中性粒细胞的活化、迁移和释放炎性介质,进而直接侵害组织[9]。本研究中观察组基线IL-8水平显著低于对照组,提示其可能参与了精神分裂症的病理发展,但与相关研究结果不一致[13],分析原因可能是血浆中IL-8的水平并不能直接反映神经中枢中IL-8的水平,其可通过主动转运通过血脑屏障,血浆中的浓度可能明显低于神经中枢。

IL-10主要由TH2细胞产生,它能够抑制TH1细胞和单核细胞促炎性因子的产生,起到免疫抑制的作用;理论上,IL-10水平与精神分裂症患者病情呈正相关[14]。即观察组IL-10水平应显著高于对照组,但本研究中观察组基线IL-10水平显著低于对照组,与相关研究不符[15];这可能与研究人群、样本量、性别、研究对象多为偏执型有关。目前IL-10在神经系统中发挥的作用、血浆中IL-10水平与脑内IL-10水平间的关系、IL-10与脑神经介质间的关系尚不明确,还有待进一步研究。IL-4与IL-10均在TH细胞发育过程中起着重要作用,本研究中观察组IL-4水平与IL-10水平呈正相关。

IL-12 主要由B淋巴细胞、单核-巨噬细胞分泌,能够促进TH0分化为TH1,抑制TH0分化为TH2。本研究中观察组IL-12水平与对照组无显著差异,与相关研究一致[7]。INF-γ对巨噬细胞、NK细胞和B细胞具有分化和活化的作用,还能够诱导星形细胞、小胶质细胞一氧化氮合成酶的产生、IDD的合成,其生物学作用复杂,并具有神经毒作用,目前临床上对干扰素和与精神分裂症相关性的报道显示INF-γ水平高低不同[4,11]。本研究中,观察组基线INF-γ水平显著低于对照组,这可能与INF-γ形成局限、半衰期短等因素有关。

综上所述,精神分裂症患者免疫功能存在紊乱,白细胞介素及干扰素网络受损,不同的类型、人群和性别可能存在不同状态的免疫功能异常。IL-10水平可能是精神分裂症免疫状态的标志物,细胞因子作用机制复杂,白细胞介素、干扰素与精神分裂症的相关性和其机制还需要进一步研究。

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(收稿日期:2019-03-28)

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