临床特征联合多排螺旋CT后处理技术诊断儿童气管支气管异物
2018-12-07李成星丁长青孙迎迎王雪璐李启超
李成星 丁长青 孙迎迎 王雪璐 李启超
[摘要] 目的 探讨临床特征联合多排螺旋CT 后处理技术在儿童气管支气管异物中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月—2018年2月经纤维支气管镜确诊为气管支气管异物的19 例患儿的临床及影像学资料。所有患儿均行16排或64 排螺旋CT检查,并进行多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最小密度投影( MinIP)、容积再现( VR)、CT 仿真内窥镜(CTVE)等后处理。 结果 17例有明确异物吸入史,主要临床表现为反复咳嗽(n=19)及憋喘(n=15);主要临床体征为两肺呼吸音不对称(n=18),闻及哮鸣音(n=10)及湿啰音(n=9)。多层螺旋CT后处理后对异物的显示阳性率为100%,异物位于右侧支气管10例,左侧9例。主要伴发症有阻塞性肺气肿(n=19)、阻塞性肺炎(n=10)、肺不张(n=4例)、肺间质性气肿(n=4)、马赛克征(n=3)及纵隔气肿(n=1 )等。结论 异物吸入史、肺部症状及体征,结合多排螺旋CT及其后处理建技术可较为准确评价儿童气管支气管异物。
[关键词] 气管支气管异物;临床特征;多排螺旋CT;儿童
[中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)08(b)-0181-04
Clinical Features Combined with Multi-slice Spiral CT Post-processing Technique for Diagnosis of Tracheobronchial Foreign Body in Children
LI Cheng-xing1, DING Chang-qing2, SUN Ying-ying2, WANG Xue-lu2, LI Qi-chao1
1.Pediatrics Department, People's Hospital of Fengxian County, Fengxian, Jiangsu Province, 221700 China; 2.Imaging Department, Fengxian County People's Hospital, Fengxian, Jiangsu Province, 221700 China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical value of multi-slice spiral CT post-processing combined with clinical features in children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies. Methods The clinical and radiographic data of 19 children diagnosed with tracheobronchial foreign bodies by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from January 2016 to February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent 16-slice or 64-slice spiral CT examinations and performed multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), curved surface reconstruction (CPR), minimal-density projection (MinIP), volume rendering (VR), and CT-simulated endoscopy (CTVE) for post-processing. Results 17 patients had a clear history of foreign body inhalation. The main clinical manifestations were repeated cough (n=19) and asthma (n=15); the main clinical signs were asymmetry of breath sounds in both lungs (n=18), hearing and wheezes (n=10) and wet rales (n=9). After multi-slice spiral CT, the positive rate of foreign bodies was 100%. Foreign bodies were located in 10 cases of right bronchus and 9 cases of left side. The main comorbidities were obstructive emphysema (n=19), obstructive pneumonia (n=10), atelectasis (n=4), interstitial emphysema (n=4), and mosaic sign (n=3) and mediastinal emphysema (n=1). Conclusion The history of foreign body inhalation, pulmonary symptoms and signs, combined with multi-slice spiral CT and post-processing techniques can accurately evaluate children's tracheobronchial foreign bodies.
[Key words] Tracheobronchial foreign body; Clinical features; Multislice spiral CT; Children氣管及支气管异物是较常见的儿科急症危,由于异物滞留气道内,可引起反复感染、肺气肿、肺不张等并发症,重者可危及生命。气道异物的成功清除取决于明确识别异物并在术前制定精确的解决方案。因此,手术前影像学评估对异物吸入的诊断和进一步干预方案的制定至关重要[1]。目前异物吸入的诊断或取出的“金标准”是全身麻醉下的硬性支气管镜(rigid bronchoscopy,RB)。然而,RB是一种可能出现并发症的侵入性检查(并发症发生率为4%~17%),难以成为首选诊断方法[2]。……
